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<p>Sustainable economic development under energy constraints remains a critical challenge for China. As a new mode of urban development, innovation strategies have become a solution in Chinese practices. Motivated by this context, this study treats the phased rollout of the Innovative City Pilot Policy (ICPP) that started in 2008 as an exogenous policy shock and adopts a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) framework to evaluate its impact on urban energy efficiency. Using a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to measure urban energy efficiency, our findings indicate that ICPP has a significant positive effect on energy efficiency in pilot cities. Mechanism analysis from the perspective of factor agglomeration shows that ICPP improves urban energy efficiency by promoting the agglomeration of talent, technology and capital, as well as the synergistic agglomeration of them. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that&#xa0;the&#xa0;ICPP has a greater effect on energy efficiency for non-resource cities, non-industrial cities, cities with a higher administrative hierarchy, and eastern and western&#xa0;cities. These findings have significant policy relevance for countries with backgrounds similar to China’s in alleviating energy constraints&#xa0;and achieving sustainable economic growth.</p>

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Innovation and urban energy efficiency: a case study of China’ s innovative city pilot policy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Feifei Xu,
  • Wei Shao,
  • Yixuan Tang

摘要

Sustainable economic development under energy constraints remains a critical challenge for China. As a new mode of urban development, innovation strategies have become a solution in Chinese practices. Motivated by this context, this study treats the phased rollout of the Innovative City Pilot Policy (ICPP) that started in 2008 as an exogenous policy shock and adopts a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) framework to evaluate its impact on urban energy efficiency. Using a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to measure urban energy efficiency, our findings indicate that ICPP has a significant positive effect on energy efficiency in pilot cities. Mechanism analysis from the perspective of factor agglomeration shows that ICPP improves urban energy efficiency by promoting the agglomeration of talent, technology and capital, as well as the synergistic agglomeration of them. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the ICPP has a greater effect on energy efficiency for non-resource cities, non-industrial cities, cities with a higher administrative hierarchy, and eastern and western cities. These findings have significant policy relevance for countries with backgrounds similar to China’s in alleviating energy constraints and achieving sustainable economic growth.