<p>Thin film fabrication is the deposition of a very thin layer of material onto a substrate, and it offers applications in a variety of industries such as electronics, optics and coatings. However, in the field of supercapacitor electrode production, existing technologies struggle to properly regulate material properties, particularly in response to temperature fluctuations. To address these problems, various methods, tools and approaches are being created and improved. Hence, the goal of this research is to synthesize and analyse the substrate temperature on the properties of indium oxide thin film. Jet nebulizer spray pyrolysis is a unique technique that allows controlled assessment of substrate temperature effects, thereby relieving temperature-related problems in supercapacitor fabrication. Ethylene glycol and ethanol are used as solvent and their morphological, structural and optical properties are tested. The developed thin film is characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns, and scanning electron microscopy, which are used to analyse the sample’s structure, purity and morphological characteristics. Also, UV–visible spectra photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to analyse optical properties, and binding states of the element and calculate band gap energy. The generated thin film indium oxide is analysed with different characterization methods which show better structure and characteristics in all aspects.</p>