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<p>The primary aim of this investigation was to examine the influence of the tool plunge depth on microstructural evolution, mechanical features and fractural morphology of pure copper butt welded joints using friction stir welding procedure. In this inquiry, other FSW parameters like tool rotational speed (750 rev/min), traverse speed (24 mm/min), tool tilt angle (0˚) and tool offset (0 mm) were constant. A cylindrical tool (made of tungsten-carbide) with a non-threaded tapered pin was used to produce the welded joints. Three welded joints were produced with the tool plunge depths of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm respectively. It was noticed that only defect-free and sound weld joint was produced by 0.2 mm plunge depth. In addition, it was found that the grains in the stir region were small, well distributed and homogeneous at 0.2 mm plunge depth due to the satisfactory heat input, adequate material flow and complete intermixing of material in the stir zone. The tiniest grain size, determining 2.897 μm, is attained at a plunge depth of 0.2 mm which also showed the highest hardness of 85.98 HV. The utmost value of UTS, YS and %EI are 198.95 MPa (86.5% of BM), 117 MPa (57.07% of BM) and 15.76 (56.28% of BM) attained at 0.2 mm plunge depth condition. It was found that a densely populated dimple structure improves the welded joint ductility in the case of 0.2 mm plunge depth.</p>

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Influence of tool plunge depth on microstructural evolution, mechanical properties and fractural morphology of friction stir welded pure copper butt joints

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月24日

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  • Puspendu Chandra Chandra,
  • Yadaiah Nirsanametla,
  • Arpan Kumar Mondal,
  • Barun Haldar

摘要

The primary aim of this investigation was to examine the influence of the tool plunge depth on microstructural evolution, mechanical features and fractural morphology of pure copper butt welded joints using friction stir welding procedure. In this inquiry, other FSW parameters like tool rotational speed (750 rev/min), traverse speed (24 mm/min), tool tilt angle (0˚) and tool offset (0 mm) were constant. A cylindrical tool (made of tungsten-carbide) with a non-threaded tapered pin was used to produce the welded joints. Three welded joints were produced with the tool plunge depths of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm respectively. It was noticed that only defect-free and sound weld joint was produced by 0.2 mm plunge depth. In addition, it was found that the grains in the stir region were small, well distributed and homogeneous at 0.2 mm plunge depth due to the satisfactory heat input, adequate material flow and complete intermixing of material in the stir zone. The tiniest grain size, determining 2.897 μm, is attained at a plunge depth of 0.2 mm which also showed the highest hardness of 85.98 HV. The utmost value of UTS, YS and %EI are 198.95 MPa (86.5% of BM), 117 MPa (57.07% of BM) and 15.76 (56.28% of BM) attained at 0.2 mm plunge depth condition. It was found that a densely populated dimple structure improves the welded joint ductility in the case of 0.2 mm plunge depth.