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<p>We present a cantilever-type, skin friction measurement sensor for application in ultra-short duration hypersonic test facilities. The sensor, instrumented with strain gauges in a full Wheatstone bridge, presents a direct skin friction measurement technique, with complete compensation to function in a complex hypersonic flow field. The sensor has been tested on the surface of a wedge model to acquire shear force–time history in a freestream of Mach 8.46 in a shock tunnel. The experimental results were verified using a finite element analysis. The data on skin friction acquired from the sensor compares well with the data generated using numerical techniques (FLUENT 16.2 and ANSYS 16.2 transient structural module) for the same test conditions. The sensor is miniaturized to the extent possible for a good spatial resolution and, to sense the measurand in a low-density, low-dynamic pressure freestream. The development presents a cost-effective and a reliable direct skin friction measurement technique for hypersonic surfaces.</p>

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A cantilever sensor for skin friction measurement in hypersonic flows

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月23日

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  • SHAMIM PATHAN,
  • MAITRI KSHETRIMAYUM,
  • VIREN MENEZES,
  • CHANDRA SEKHER YERRAMALLI

摘要

We present a cantilever-type, skin friction measurement sensor for application in ultra-short duration hypersonic test facilities. The sensor, instrumented with strain gauges in a full Wheatstone bridge, presents a direct skin friction measurement technique, with complete compensation to function in a complex hypersonic flow field. The sensor has been tested on the surface of a wedge model to acquire shear force–time history in a freestream of Mach 8.46 in a shock tunnel. The experimental results were verified using a finite element analysis. The data on skin friction acquired from the sensor compares well with the data generated using numerical techniques (FLUENT 16.2 and ANSYS 16.2 transient structural module) for the same test conditions. The sensor is miniaturized to the extent possible for a good spatial resolution and, to sense the measurand in a low-density, low-dynamic pressure freestream. The development presents a cost-effective and a reliable direct skin friction measurement technique for hypersonic surfaces.