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<p>Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are increasingly gaining ground in both business and consumer sectors with the rapid increase in mobile users and smart applications. This exponential increase in network traffic poses a significant challenge in achieving uninterrupted connectivity, especially in real-time applications such as video, audio, and gaming software. Since MANET nodes are powered by batteries, energy constraint is the biggest issue that enticed researchers to design intelligent routing algorithms using computational intelligence techniques. Leveraging nature-inspired algorithms, a computational intelligence technique, this paper proposes an energy-efficient flower pollination algorithm (EEFPA) for routing in MANETs. EEFPA is designed by integrating multiple pivotal communication parameters, including energy cost, average community time, and packet loss. EEFPA uses an intelligent routing approach for enhancing network lifetime, ensuring the selection of the fittest nodes in the routing path. The simulation setup is created to validate the performance of the EEFPA by achieving an 85% packet delivery rate, whereas the packet drop rate is 0.7295 and the total energy consumption is 30 joules. The findings indicate that EEFPA has the potential to significantly enhance MANET performance with increased network lifetime by 53% compared with other state-of-the-art routing algorithms.</p>

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EEFPA: Computational intelligence-based energy-efficient flower pollination routing algorithm with enhanced network longevity for mobile ad hoc networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月21日

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  • Ramanpreet Kaur,
  • Kavita Taneja,
  • Harmunish Taneja

摘要

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are increasingly gaining ground in both business and consumer sectors with the rapid increase in mobile users and smart applications. This exponential increase in network traffic poses a significant challenge in achieving uninterrupted connectivity, especially in real-time applications such as video, audio, and gaming software. Since MANET nodes are powered by batteries, energy constraint is the biggest issue that enticed researchers to design intelligent routing algorithms using computational intelligence techniques. Leveraging nature-inspired algorithms, a computational intelligence technique, this paper proposes an energy-efficient flower pollination algorithm (EEFPA) for routing in MANETs. EEFPA is designed by integrating multiple pivotal communication parameters, including energy cost, average community time, and packet loss. EEFPA uses an intelligent routing approach for enhancing network lifetime, ensuring the selection of the fittest nodes in the routing path. The simulation setup is created to validate the performance of the EEFPA by achieving an 85% packet delivery rate, whereas the packet drop rate is 0.7295 and the total energy consumption is 30 joules. The findings indicate that EEFPA has the potential to significantly enhance MANET performance with increased network lifetime by 53% compared with other state-of-the-art routing algorithms.