Scholarlink

<p>Viruses are non-cellular entities universally found in all forms of life, from bacteria to humans. Their profound influence has been highlighted by numerous pandemics throughout history, with the COVID-19 pandemic underscoring their significant impact on our lives, health systems, and economies. Beyond causing disease, viral genes are prevalent in our genomes, raising questions about their evolutionary role. A significant portion of the human genome consists of viral DNA, remnants of ancient infections that have become part of our genetic makeup. This incorporation has profoundly impacted our development and biology.</p><p>Describing viruses as ‘kingmakers in evolution’ underscores their deep influence on evolutionary processes. Throughout Earth’s history, viruses have shaped genetic diversity, adaptation, and the survival of organisms by driving genetic innovation. They facilitate horizontal gene transfer, introducing new genetic material and enabling the emergence of novel traits and adaptations.</p><p>Viruses have also contributed to key biological developments, such as the mammalian placenta, likely influenced by endogenous retroviruses. Additionally, the evolutionary arms race between viruses and hosts has spurred the development of sophisticated immune systems.</p><p>This review explores the multifaceted role of viruses in origin and evolution, beyond their role as pathogens. By examining their impact on genetic diversity, adaptation, and the emergence of new traits, we can better understand how viruses have shaped life on Earth and continue to influence our biological destiny.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Viruses: The Kingmakers in Evolution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

查看全文
  • Gargi Sen,
  • Sandipan Ghosh,
  • Saroja Chhettri,
  • Arnab Sen

摘要

Viruses are non-cellular entities universally found in all forms of life, from bacteria to humans. Their profound influence has been highlighted by numerous pandemics throughout history, with the COVID-19 pandemic underscoring their significant impact on our lives, health systems, and economies. Beyond causing disease, viral genes are prevalent in our genomes, raising questions about their evolutionary role. A significant portion of the human genome consists of viral DNA, remnants of ancient infections that have become part of our genetic makeup. This incorporation has profoundly impacted our development and biology.

Describing viruses as ‘kingmakers in evolution’ underscores their deep influence on evolutionary processes. Throughout Earth’s history, viruses have shaped genetic diversity, adaptation, and the survival of organisms by driving genetic innovation. They facilitate horizontal gene transfer, introducing new genetic material and enabling the emergence of novel traits and adaptations.

Viruses have also contributed to key biological developments, such as the mammalian placenta, likely influenced by endogenous retroviruses. Additionally, the evolutionary arms race between viruses and hosts has spurred the development of sophisticated immune systems.

This review explores the multifaceted role of viruses in origin and evolution, beyond their role as pathogens. By examining their impact on genetic diversity, adaptation, and the emergence of new traits, we can better understand how viruses have shaped life on Earth and continue to influence our biological destiny.