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<p>The approach to equilibrium of an isolated system of particles confined in a box has been examined and extended to study the ergodic hypothesis and entropy fluctuations in equilibrium. The Boltzmann <i>H</i>-theorem and its connection to the system’s entropy have also been discussed.</p>

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Understanding Thermodynamic Equilibrium

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月1日

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  • Satadal Bhattacharyya,
  • Susobhan Paul,
  • Joydip Mitra

摘要

The approach to equilibrium of an isolated system of particles confined in a box has been examined and extended to study the ergodic hypothesis and entropy fluctuations in equilibrium. The Boltzmann H-theorem and its connection to the system’s entropy have also been discussed.