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<p>The time required to raise the temperature of a known volume of water exposed to direct sunlight is used to calculate the solar energy received at the Earth’s surface. The experiment begins by recording the initial water temperature, followed by exposure to sunlight for a fixed duration, and concludes with the measurement of the final temperature. The energy absorbed by the water is determined using its specific heat capacity and the relation <i>Q</i> = <i>mc</i>Δ<i>T</i>. By incorporating the known Earth-Sun distance, the total solar energy output is estimated. This experiment demonstrates fundamental principles of solar radiation, heat transfer, and thermodynamics, providing a practical method to quantify the Sun’s energy output.</p>

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DIY Solar Science: Bottling the Sun to Measure Its Energy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Anjanakrishna Nair,
  • Aasfa Kaifi Patel

摘要

The time required to raise the temperature of a known volume of water exposed to direct sunlight is used to calculate the solar energy received at the Earth’s surface. The experiment begins by recording the initial water temperature, followed by exposure to sunlight for a fixed duration, and concludes with the measurement of the final temperature. The energy absorbed by the water is determined using its specific heat capacity and the relation Q = mcΔT. By incorporating the known Earth-Sun distance, the total solar energy output is estimated. This experiment demonstrates fundamental principles of solar radiation, heat transfer, and thermodynamics, providing a practical method to quantify the Sun’s energy output.