<p>Processes that take place in the participant and spectator regions of interacting nuclei poses a significant obstacle to comprehend the nucleus–nucleus (A–A) interactions, given the central character of the reactions. An essential parameter for gaining a thorough understanding of the response processes in A–A interactions is the analysis of angular distributions (ADs) in the final-state particles in the target fragmentation zone. By offering a full 4<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>π</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> angular coverage, nuclear emulsion detectors (NEDs) enable almost thresholdless detection of shower, black and grey particles, referred to as fast target protons (FTP). The ADs of the FTP released in contact with emulsion nuclei at 1 A GeV of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{84}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>84</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Kr are reported. These ADs are examined using the modified Maxwell–Boltzmann statistical (MBS) model for a range of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N_{h}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>h</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-values (target sizes) and <i>Q</i>-values (projectile spectator charges). It is evident that the ADs of these target protons satisfy the nuclear limiting fragmentation (NLF) theory, which is unaffected by the <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N_{h}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>h</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-values and <i>Q</i>-values. It is also observed that all event group ADs have maxima located at around <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(60^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>60</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For each collection of events, the forward–backward asymmetry ratio (<i>F</i>/<i>B</i>) is examined together with the computed statistical moments (<InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M=\langle \theta \rangle \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma ^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>σ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi _{0}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) of the distributions. Results presented by other physicists are compared with the ADs of FTP.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Angular distribution characteristics of fast target protons emerged in the interaction of \(^{84}\)Kr \(+\) Em at 1 A GeV

  • M K Singh

摘要

Processes that take place in the participant and spectator regions of interacting nuclei poses a significant obstacle to comprehend the nucleus–nucleus (A–A) interactions, given the central character of the reactions. An essential parameter for gaining a thorough understanding of the response processes in A–A interactions is the analysis of angular distributions (ADs) in the final-state particles in the target fragmentation zone. By offering a full 4 \(\pi \) π angular coverage, nuclear emulsion detectors (NEDs) enable almost thresholdless detection of shower, black and grey particles, referred to as fast target protons (FTP). The ADs of the FTP released in contact with emulsion nuclei at 1 A GeV of \(^{84}\) 84 Kr are reported. These ADs are examined using the modified Maxwell–Boltzmann statistical (MBS) model for a range of \(N_{h}\) N h -values (target sizes) and Q-values (projectile spectator charges). It is evident that the ADs of these target protons satisfy the nuclear limiting fragmentation (NLF) theory, which is unaffected by the \(N_{h}\) N h -values and Q-values. It is also observed that all event group ADs have maxima located at around \(60^{\circ }\) 60 . For each collection of events, the forward–backward asymmetry ratio (F/B) is examined together with the computed statistical moments ( \(M=\langle \theta \rangle \) M = θ , \(\sigma ^{2}\) σ 2 , \(\chi _{0}\) χ 0 , \(\omega \) ω ) of the distributions. Results presented by other physicists are compared with the ADs of FTP.