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<p>Recent advancements in hybrid nanomaterials have improved thermal significance of the base fluids. The hybrid nanofluids, which comprise two distinct type of nanoparticles, have highly strengthened thermal activities, because of which they have applications in solar energy, power production, thermal devices, cooling phenomenon, etc. This study is to explore the thermal impact of the hybrid nanofluid by entertaining the oblique stagnation point flow. In this study, a hybrid nanofluid comprising silver (Ag) and alumina (Al<InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12043_2025_2985_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}_{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>2</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O<InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12043_2025_2985_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}_{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>3</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) magnetised nanoparticles with water (H<InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12043_2025_2985_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}_{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>2</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O) along with ethylene glycol (C<InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12043_2025_2985_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}_{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>2</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>H<InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12043_2025_2985_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}_{6}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>6</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O<InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12043_2025_2985_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}_{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>2</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) base fluids has been deliberated. A reformed heat flux framework (Cattaneo–Christov) has been followed to modify the energy equation. The flow comprises porous media maintaining suction effects. The heat transfer is observed to break through the nonlinear radiated effects. Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fifth-order (RKF 5) scheme is implemented for performing the numerical simulations of dimensionless governing equations. Analysis was done to check the contribution of physical flow parameters. The observations conclude that when the free stream stagnation flow coefficient is prominent, the oblique velocity decreases. The interruption of hybrid nanomaterial effectively enhances the impact of heat transfer due to porous medium and suction parameter.</p>

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Multiple thermal impact of the hybrid nanofluid (Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)–Ag)/(C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{6}\)O\({}_{2}\)–H\({}_{2}\)O) on the stagnation point flow with nonlinear radiated effects: Cattaneo–Christov model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • Sami Ullah Khan,
  • Chemseddine Maatki,
  • G Leena Rosalind Mary,
  • K Sreelakshmi,
  • Adnan,
  • Bilel Hadrich

摘要

Recent advancements in hybrid nanomaterials have improved thermal significance of the base fluids. The hybrid nanofluids, which comprise two distinct type of nanoparticles, have highly strengthened thermal activities, because of which they have applications in solar energy, power production, thermal devices, cooling phenomenon, etc. This study is to explore the thermal impact of the hybrid nanofluid by entertaining the oblique stagnation point flow. In this study, a hybrid nanofluid comprising silver (Ag) and alumina (Al \({}_{2}\) 2 O \({}_{3}\) 3 ) magnetised nanoparticles with water (H \({}_{2}\) 2 O) along with ethylene glycol (C \({}_{2}\) 2 H \({}_{6}\) 6 O \({}_{2}\) 2 ) base fluids has been deliberated. A reformed heat flux framework (Cattaneo–Christov) has been followed to modify the energy equation. The flow comprises porous media maintaining suction effects. The heat transfer is observed to break through the nonlinear radiated effects. Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fifth-order (RKF 5) scheme is implemented for performing the numerical simulations of dimensionless governing equations. Analysis was done to check the contribution of physical flow parameters. The observations conclude that when the free stream stagnation flow coefficient is prominent, the oblique velocity decreases. The interruption of hybrid nanomaterial effectively enhances the impact of heat transfer due to porous medium and suction parameter.