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<p>Globally, papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) poses a serious threat to sustainable papaya cultivation, but little is known about the molecular underpinnings of innate resistance against this virus. Two different <i>Carica papaya</i> genotypes, namely PRSV-tolerant “Pusa Selection 3” (PS3) and PRSV-susceptible “Pusa Majesty” (PM) were compared for their transcriptional profiles to identify their unique molecular reactions to viral challenge. The PRSV susceptible papaya cultivar Pusa Majesty showed a significant, albeit ineffective, transcriptional disruption involving 912 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), characterised by delayed activation of important defense responses and reduced expression of photosynthesis-related pathways. On the other hand, the papaya cultivar PS3 displayed a more sophisticated defense mechanism, characterized by a highly targeted transcriptional response where only 10 genes were uniquely regulated with a restricted but well-coordinated transcriptional shift involving just 178 DEGs in total. Notably, PS3 showed higher expression of genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis, activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, and regulation of redox-associated networks, all of which point to a targeted antiviral response. According to functional enrichment analysis and RT-PCR confirmation, PS3 showed relatively higher expression of selected genes, including terpene synthase 21 and enzymes associated with oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491) while maintaining cellular metabolic balance. In contrast, broader gene expression changes, altered primary metabolism, and activation of generic pathogenesis-related genes were associated with PM’s vulnerability to PRSV. These findings challenge the widely held belief that extensive transcriptional reprogramming is required for disease resistance and highlight the significance of defense priming and selective pathway engagement conferring viral tolerance. The knowledge acquired here offers a useful starting point for molecular breeding initiatives meant to create papaya cultivars resistant to PRSV.</p>

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Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Contrasting Gene Expression Patterns in Susceptible and Tolerant Genotypes of Papaya, in Response to Infection By Papaya Ring Spot Virus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Basavaprabhu L. Patil,
  • C. Shanmugaraj,
  • S. Baskar

摘要

Globally, papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) poses a serious threat to sustainable papaya cultivation, but little is known about the molecular underpinnings of innate resistance against this virus. Two different Carica papaya genotypes, namely PRSV-tolerant “Pusa Selection 3” (PS3) and PRSV-susceptible “Pusa Majesty” (PM) were compared for their transcriptional profiles to identify their unique molecular reactions to viral challenge. The PRSV susceptible papaya cultivar Pusa Majesty showed a significant, albeit ineffective, transcriptional disruption involving 912 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), characterised by delayed activation of important defense responses and reduced expression of photosynthesis-related pathways. On the other hand, the papaya cultivar PS3 displayed a more sophisticated defense mechanism, characterized by a highly targeted transcriptional response where only 10 genes were uniquely regulated with a restricted but well-coordinated transcriptional shift involving just 178 DEGs in total. Notably, PS3 showed higher expression of genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis, activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, and regulation of redox-associated networks, all of which point to a targeted antiviral response. According to functional enrichment analysis and RT-PCR confirmation, PS3 showed relatively higher expression of selected genes, including terpene synthase 21 and enzymes associated with oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491) while maintaining cellular metabolic balance. In contrast, broader gene expression changes, altered primary metabolism, and activation of generic pathogenesis-related genes were associated with PM’s vulnerability to PRSV. These findings challenge the widely held belief that extensive transcriptional reprogramming is required for disease resistance and highlight the significance of defense priming and selective pathway engagement conferring viral tolerance. The knowledge acquired here offers a useful starting point for molecular breeding initiatives meant to create papaya cultivars resistant to PRSV.