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<p><i>Diospyros</i> L., the largest genus of Ebenaceae, comprises approximately 778 species, yet relationships among several lineages remain unresolved. Here, we reconstructed Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood phylogenies using combined chloroplast DNA sequences comprising <i>rbc</i>L, <i>mat</i>K, <i>atp</i>B, and <i>trn</i>S-G regions to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Indian representatives of <i>Diospyros</i>. The dataset expands upon previous studies by incorporating newly generated sequences from Indian species and additional African taxa retrieved from GenBank to improve lineage representation and enhance phylogenetic resolution. Divergence times were estimated under an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed-clock model, and ancestral areas were inferred using a DEC framework. Our results resolve Indian endemic species within three major subclades, while <i>D. paniculata</i> and <i>D. neilgerrensis</i> occupy independent positions in separate major clades. Molecular dating indicates that crown diversification of <i>Diospyros</i> occurred in the Paleocene (~ 58&#xa0;Ma). Ancestral area reconstruction identifies Southeast Asia as the most probable center of origin, refining earlier hypotheses that suggested broader Afro-tropical involvement. In addition, combined molecular and morphological evidence supports the recognition of <i>D. cordifolia</i> as distinct from <i>D. montana</i>. Overall, expanded taxon sampling and fossil-calibrated dating provide a clearer framework for understanding diversification and historical biogeography within <i>Diospyros</i>.</p>

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Phylogenomic Insights into Diversification and Biogeography of Diospyros L. with Emphasis on Indian Endemics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月16日

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  • Suhas K. Kadam,
  • Ganesh B. Pawar,
  • Mireya Burgos-Hernández,
  • Shrirang R. Yadav,
  • Rohit N. Mane,
  • Asif S. Tamboli,
  • Yeon-Sik Choo,
  • Jae Hong Pak

摘要

Diospyros L., the largest genus of Ebenaceae, comprises approximately 778 species, yet relationships among several lineages remain unresolved. Here, we reconstructed Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood phylogenies using combined chloroplast DNA sequences comprising rbcL, matK, atpB, and trnS-G regions to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Indian representatives of Diospyros. The dataset expands upon previous studies by incorporating newly generated sequences from Indian species and additional African taxa retrieved from GenBank to improve lineage representation and enhance phylogenetic resolution. Divergence times were estimated under an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed-clock model, and ancestral areas were inferred using a DEC framework. Our results resolve Indian endemic species within three major subclades, while D. paniculata and D. neilgerrensis occupy independent positions in separate major clades. Molecular dating indicates that crown diversification of Diospyros occurred in the Paleocene (~ 58 Ma). Ancestral area reconstruction identifies Southeast Asia as the most probable center of origin, refining earlier hypotheses that suggested broader Afro-tropical involvement. In addition, combined molecular and morphological evidence supports the recognition of D. cordifolia as distinct from D. montana. Overall, expanded taxon sampling and fossil-calibrated dating provide a clearer framework for understanding diversification and historical biogeography within Diospyros.