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<p><i>Late embryogenesis abundant</i> (<i>LEA</i>) genes encode a highly diverse family of proteins that play critical roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we conducted a genome‑wide characterization of the <i>LEA</i> gene family in the closely related C4 grasses <i>Setaria italica</i> and <i>Setaria viridis</i>, identifying 106 and 102 <i>LEA</i> genes, respectively. These genes were divided into eight LEA groups and mapped across the nine chromosomes of both species, with no apparent association between group classification and genomic location. The <i>LEA2</i> group emerged as the most abundant, likely due to segmental and tandem duplication events. Most <i>LEA</i> genes encode relatively small, highly hydrophilic proteins, although the LEA2 group display more hydrophobic characteristics and well‑defined protein motifs, suggesting functional diversification. Predicted subcellular localization analyses indicated a widespread distribution of LEA proteins across cellular compartments, highlighting their potential roles in various cellular compartments. Sequence similarity network and protein conserved motif analyses further underscored the distinct structural signatures within each LEA group, supporting their classification and functional differentiation. Metanalyses of RNA‑seq data revealed complex and group‑specific expression patterns, with <i>LEA</i> genes being differentially expressed in <i>Setaria</i> spp. under drought, salt, and osmotic stress conditions, suggesting their involvement in key protective and regulatory pathways. Collectively, this genome‑wide survey provides a comprehensive resource for understanding the structure, evolution, and stress‑responsive functions of <i>LEA</i> genes in <i>Setaria</i> spp., offering valuable insights for crop breeding enhancing stress tolerance in Poaceae species.</p>

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In Silico Genome-wide Characterization and Abiotic Stress Expression Analysis of the LEA Gene Family in Setaria italica and Setaria viridis Sibling Species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Gleyce de Oliveira Ferreira,
  • Camila Schaaf,
  • Larissa Batista Seixas,
  • Nathalia de Setta

摘要

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes encode a highly diverse family of proteins that play critical roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we conducted a genome‑wide characterization of the LEA gene family in the closely related C4 grasses Setaria italica and Setaria viridis, identifying 106 and 102 LEA genes, respectively. These genes were divided into eight LEA groups and mapped across the nine chromosomes of both species, with no apparent association between group classification and genomic location. The LEA2 group emerged as the most abundant, likely due to segmental and tandem duplication events. Most LEA genes encode relatively small, highly hydrophilic proteins, although the LEA2 group display more hydrophobic characteristics and well‑defined protein motifs, suggesting functional diversification. Predicted subcellular localization analyses indicated a widespread distribution of LEA proteins across cellular compartments, highlighting their potential roles in various cellular compartments. Sequence similarity network and protein conserved motif analyses further underscored the distinct structural signatures within each LEA group, supporting their classification and functional differentiation. Metanalyses of RNA‑seq data revealed complex and group‑specific expression patterns, with LEA genes being differentially expressed in Setaria spp. under drought, salt, and osmotic stress conditions, suggesting their involvement in key protective and regulatory pathways. Collectively, this genome‑wide survey provides a comprehensive resource for understanding the structure, evolution, and stress‑responsive functions of LEA genes in Setaria spp., offering valuable insights for crop breeding enhancing stress tolerance in Poaceae species.