<p>Sugarcane is a vital crop for the sugar and bioenergy industries, but its breeding is complicated due to its complex genetic structure and long development cycles. This review synthesizes current research on genomic tools and strategies aimed at improving sucrose content in sugarcane. We focus on the role of Genomic Selection (GS) in accelerating breeding efficiency, especially for complex, multigenic traits such as yield, sucrose content, and disease resistance. GS, combined with advanced phenotyping techniques, can significantly enhance genetic gains in these traits. Additionally, we explore the contributions of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in identifying genetic variants associated with sucrose content. The review also discusses the integration of molecular markers and advanced sequencing technologies to improve genomic predictions. By combining GS, GWAS, and traditional breeding approaches, we propose a comprehensive strategy for sustainable sugarcane improvement, which balances the need for genetic diversity with the enhancement of economically important traits. This article highlights the latest advancements in the genomic factors influencing sucrose content in sugarcane, providing valuable insights for future breeding programs.</p>