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<p>Sweet corn is consumed by humans in the immature stage, and are widely used as popular snacks throughout the world. One of the major problems that plagues sweet corn cultivation is poor seed quality, which manifests as low germination, low seed vigour, poor field establishment and short shelf life of seeds. This review is aimed at developing a comprehensive understanding of the genetic, structural, physical, biochemical and physiological characteristics of sweet corn seeds and the mechanism of manifestation that leads to poor seed quality. Sweetness in corn kernels is controlled by six recessive mutant genes expressed in the endosperm. One gene in particular, <i>shrunken2</i> (<i>sh2</i>), which causes a significant increase in endosperm sugar levels, is extensively used in sweetcorn cultivar development. The expression of recessive mutant genes in the endosperm leads to dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism in developing seeds, which hampers normal development and maturation, culminating in seeds characterized by low amounts of starch and high levels of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) in the endosperm, defective embryos, and fragile pericarp. The altered structure and biochemistry of sweet corn seeds result in high respiration rates during storage and germination, rapid imbibition during germination, low seedling vigour, high disease incidence and poor field establishment, which underlie the poor seed quality of sweet corn seeds. High respiration rates during seed storage can be managed by storing the seeds under modified atmospheric conditions and at relatively low temperatures. A reduction in the respiration rate can minimize the oxidation of food reserves and increase the shelf life of seeds. Film coating of seeds with a nutrient-rich, hydrophobic seed coating technique can decrease the seed imbibition rate and increase the nutrient availability to the germinating seeds. Thus, the development of tailor-made seed enhancement techniques has the potential to overcome the inherent defects in the quality of sweet corn seeds.</p>

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Dysfunctional Carbohydrate Metabolism and Seed Vigour in Sweet Corn: a Review of Structural and Physiological Implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • Ashoknarayanan S,
  • Murugeshwari T,
  • Umarani R,
  • Vanitha C,
  • Eevera T,
  • Tilak M

摘要

Sweet corn is consumed by humans in the immature stage, and are widely used as popular snacks throughout the world. One of the major problems that plagues sweet corn cultivation is poor seed quality, which manifests as low germination, low seed vigour, poor field establishment and short shelf life of seeds. This review is aimed at developing a comprehensive understanding of the genetic, structural, physical, biochemical and physiological characteristics of sweet corn seeds and the mechanism of manifestation that leads to poor seed quality. Sweetness in corn kernels is controlled by six recessive mutant genes expressed in the endosperm. One gene in particular, shrunken2 (sh2), which causes a significant increase in endosperm sugar levels, is extensively used in sweetcorn cultivar development. The expression of recessive mutant genes in the endosperm leads to dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism in developing seeds, which hampers normal development and maturation, culminating in seeds characterized by low amounts of starch and high levels of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) in the endosperm, defective embryos, and fragile pericarp. The altered structure and biochemistry of sweet corn seeds result in high respiration rates during storage and germination, rapid imbibition during germination, low seedling vigour, high disease incidence and poor field establishment, which underlie the poor seed quality of sweet corn seeds. High respiration rates during seed storage can be managed by storing the seeds under modified atmospheric conditions and at relatively low temperatures. A reduction in the respiration rate can minimize the oxidation of food reserves and increase the shelf life of seeds. Film coating of seeds with a nutrient-rich, hydrophobic seed coating technique can decrease the seed imbibition rate and increase the nutrient availability to the germinating seeds. Thus, the development of tailor-made seed enhancement techniques has the potential to overcome the inherent defects in the quality of sweet corn seeds.