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<p>We characterized the genetic diversity of exon 2 of one major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II β chain gene in five non-native populations of the American bullfrog (<i>Aquarana</i> (<i>Rana</i>) <i>catesbeiana</i>)—a highly invasive amphibian. We discovered higher levels of genetic diversity and more signatures of positive selection in the MHC exon relative to a putatively neutral protein coding gene (Cytochrome b). Populations (even those in close geographic proximity) harboured highly varying levels of diversity at both loci, including alleles that have been previously shown to be associated with disease resistance in this species.</p>

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Characterization of an MHC class II β gene reveals high heterogeneity and polymorphism among populations of non-native bullfrogs with complex invasion histories

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Luisa N Segovia,
  • Karen M Kiemnec-Tyburczy

摘要

We characterized the genetic diversity of exon 2 of one major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II β chain gene in five non-native populations of the American bullfrog (Aquarana (Rana) catesbeiana)—a highly invasive amphibian. We discovered higher levels of genetic diversity and more signatures of positive selection in the MHC exon relative to a putatively neutral protein coding gene (Cytochrome b). Populations (even those in close geographic proximity) harboured highly varying levels of diversity at both loci, including alleles that have been previously shown to be associated with disease resistance in this species.