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<p>Ever since Mary Lyon (Nature 190:372–373, 1961) proposed the phenomena of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female mammals, our quest to understand the mechanism underlying it is in progress. Our current knowledge of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is due to the application of state-of-the-art genomic and transcriptomic technologies, advanced microscopy, and cutting-edge <i>in vitro</i> differentiation models. The role of long-noncoding RNA <i>Xist</i> along with proteins (ribonucleoproteins) in the epigenetic silencing has led to the better understanding of XCI. Now attempts are on the way to reverse X-chromosome repression at specific gene loci in the female genome and to cure X-linked disease. This review presents narrative includes a comprehensive overview of these developments.</p>

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Lyonization of X-chromosome: New insights†

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • H. A. Ranganath

摘要

Ever since Mary Lyon (Nature 190:372–373, 1961) proposed the phenomena of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female mammals, our quest to understand the mechanism underlying it is in progress. Our current knowledge of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is due to the application of state-of-the-art genomic and transcriptomic technologies, advanced microscopy, and cutting-edge in vitro differentiation models. The role of long-noncoding RNA Xist along with proteins (ribonucleoproteins) in the epigenetic silencing has led to the better understanding of XCI. Now attempts are on the way to reverse X-chromosome repression at specific gene loci in the female genome and to cure X-linked disease. This review presents narrative includes a comprehensive overview of these developments.