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Abstract <p>Understanding of rainfall variability is essential for water resources planning and management. This study evaluated the long-term daily rainfall series (1980–2020) from 50 monitoring stations across Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, to identify trends and to assess data homogeneity in four key variables: annual rainfall, monsoon rainfall, annual rainy days, and monsoon rainy days. The Statistical analysis showed a pronounced spatial variability and high coefficients of variation in central and eastern rainfall monitoring stations, indicating strong inter-annual fluctuations. The trend analysis using the modified Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator showed predominantly decreasing trends in rainfall amounts and rainy days across the district, with only a few stations in the eastern and northern regions exhibiting localized increases. Homogeneity assessment using the SNHT and Pettitt tests identified significant breakpoints at multiple stations, with recurrent shift years around 1994, 1997–98, 2004, and 2018. These shifts coincide with periods of major monsoon anomalies, extreme rainfall events, and land-use changes documented in the region. The study highlights the importance of trend detection, homogeneity testing and the results provide valuable inputs for hydrological modelling and climate-resilient water management of the district.</p> Research highlights <p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>Trend analysis and homogeneity of daily rainfall series assessed for 50 stations in Uttara Kannada (1980–2020).</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Applied Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) and Pettitt test for detection.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Rainfall variability across Uttara Kannada, Karnataka has been presented.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Break years (1994, 1997–98, 2018) linked to climatic variability and extreme rainfall events.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p>

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Assessment of rainfall variability in Uttara Kannada, Karnataka

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Jyoti P Patil,
  • Abhilash R,
  • B Venkatesh,
  • Sushamita Wadde

摘要

Abstract

Understanding of rainfall variability is essential for water resources planning and management. This study evaluated the long-term daily rainfall series (1980–2020) from 50 monitoring stations across Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, to identify trends and to assess data homogeneity in four key variables: annual rainfall, monsoon rainfall, annual rainy days, and monsoon rainy days. The Statistical analysis showed a pronounced spatial variability and high coefficients of variation in central and eastern rainfall monitoring stations, indicating strong inter-annual fluctuations. The trend analysis using the modified Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator showed predominantly decreasing trends in rainfall amounts and rainy days across the district, with only a few stations in the eastern and northern regions exhibiting localized increases. Homogeneity assessment using the SNHT and Pettitt tests identified significant breakpoints at multiple stations, with recurrent shift years around 1994, 1997–98, 2004, and 2018. These shifts coincide with periods of major monsoon anomalies, extreme rainfall events, and land-use changes documented in the region. The study highlights the importance of trend detection, homogeneity testing and the results provide valuable inputs for hydrological modelling and climate-resilient water management of the district.

Research highlights

Trend analysis and homogeneity of daily rainfall series assessed for 50 stations in Uttara Kannada (1980–2020).

Applied Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) and Pettitt test for detection.

Rainfall variability across Uttara Kannada, Karnataka has been presented.

Break years (1994, 1997–98, 2018) linked to climatic variability and extreme rainfall events.