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<p>Sri Lankan vein graphite deposits are renowned for their high purity and crystal structure, making them economically valuable. Previous studies have focused on their origins and economic potential, but the alteration of wall rock during graphite mineralization and the role of hydrothermal fluids have been less explored. Understanding these fluid-rock interactions is crucial for assessing vein graphite purity. This study elucidates these processes through petrological analysis of host rocks from the Kahatagaha–Kolongaha underground mine. We examined field relationships, vein textures, mineralogy, and petrological attributes of wall rock alterations to determine the influence of hydrothermal fluids on wall rock modifications and their impact on graphite vein purity. Significant wall rock alterations were observed due to hydrothermal fluids, involving changes in mineralogical composition and texture. Mildly acidic conditions from CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O interactions facilitated feldspar dissolution, releasing elements contributing to antiperthitization and myrmekite formation. These alterations produced biotite, titanite, two feldspars, and calcite, affecting graphite purity. Our findings align with previous research indicating a retrograde origin following major tectonic events and large-scale folding of the Sri Lankan basement.</p>

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Characterization of wall rock alteration and its implications for graphite mineralization in the Kahatagaha–Kolongaha vein graphite deposits, Sri Lanka

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月26日

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  • T C Senevirathna,
  • P L Dharmapriya,
  • N W B Balasooriya,
  • H M T G A Pitawala,
  • H W M A C Wijayasinghe,
  • Medhavi Abeysinghe,
  • K Sajeev

摘要

Sri Lankan vein graphite deposits are renowned for their high purity and crystal structure, making them economically valuable. Previous studies have focused on their origins and economic potential, but the alteration of wall rock during graphite mineralization and the role of hydrothermal fluids have been less explored. Understanding these fluid-rock interactions is crucial for assessing vein graphite purity. This study elucidates these processes through petrological analysis of host rocks from the Kahatagaha–Kolongaha underground mine. We examined field relationships, vein textures, mineralogy, and petrological attributes of wall rock alterations to determine the influence of hydrothermal fluids on wall rock modifications and their impact on graphite vein purity. Significant wall rock alterations were observed due to hydrothermal fluids, involving changes in mineralogical composition and texture. Mildly acidic conditions from CO2 and H2O interactions facilitated feldspar dissolution, releasing elements contributing to antiperthitization and myrmekite formation. These alterations produced biotite, titanite, two feldspars, and calcite, affecting graphite purity. Our findings align with previous research indicating a retrograde origin following major tectonic events and large-scale folding of the Sri Lankan basement.