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<p>Al-Kut, Iraq, experiences a worsening urban heat island (UHI) effect, analyzed using remote sensing and geo-spatial techniques. From 1990 to 2020, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dropped from 0.417 to –0.147, indicating vegetation decline. Conversely, the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) significantly increased, highlighting urban expansion. Land surface temperature (LST) also increased significantly, ranging from 14.22°C in 1990 to 39.53°C in 2000, reflecting the intensifying urban heat island effect, while the urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI) pointed towards intensifying UHI. These trends necessitate mitigation strategies, including promoting green spaces (NDVI), reducing impervious surfaces (NDBI), and potentially employing reflective materials (LST). Additionally, exploring public transportation’s impact on UHI (UTFVI) could be valuable. This study highlights the importance of remote sensing and geo-spatial tools in understanding and mitigating UHI in rapidly urbanizing regions in Al-Kut.</p>

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Assessment of urban heat island based on remote sensing and geo-spatial approach in Al-Kut Region, Iraq

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月4日

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  • Mohanad Hassan Edan Alzamili,
  • Vazeer Mahammood,
  • P Jagadeeswara Rao

摘要

Al-Kut, Iraq, experiences a worsening urban heat island (UHI) effect, analyzed using remote sensing and geo-spatial techniques. From 1990 to 2020, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dropped from 0.417 to –0.147, indicating vegetation decline. Conversely, the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) significantly increased, highlighting urban expansion. Land surface temperature (LST) also increased significantly, ranging from 14.22°C in 1990 to 39.53°C in 2000, reflecting the intensifying urban heat island effect, while the urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI) pointed towards intensifying UHI. These trends necessitate mitigation strategies, including promoting green spaces (NDVI), reducing impervious surfaces (NDBI), and potentially employing reflective materials (LST). Additionally, exploring public transportation’s impact on UHI (UTFVI) could be valuable. This study highlights the importance of remote sensing and geo-spatial tools in understanding and mitigating UHI in rapidly urbanizing regions in Al-Kut.