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<p>The Sanaga is Cameroon’s most important river, supplying almost 90% of the country’s hydroelectricity. In addition to its importance for the country’s electrification, it is exploited by agricultural companies and non-governmental organizations. It is not only a source of food supply through fishing, livestock farming and agricultural activities but also a place where sand is extracted for local populations. Given the river’s multiple demands, it is necessary to study rainfall variability on the one hand and to analyze the impact of climate change on the Sanaga River Basin (SRB) rainfall using climatic indices on the other. This article focuses on rainfall variability in the Sanaga and its relationships with climatic indices. This study uses Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) data gridded at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° and extended from 1979 to 2017. Regionalization using the K-mean method enabled us to divide the Sanaga into three zones. The modified Mann–Kendall test performed on rainfall time series at a significance level of 5% indicates a statistically negative trend reflecting a drop in rainfall in the Sanaga. A wavelet analysis was then performed between the precipitation time series of the three regions and the El Niño 3.4 climate indices, TNA (Tropical North Atlantic), TSA (Tropical Southern Atlantic), AMM (Atlantic Meridional Mode) and DMI (Dipole Mode Index). Of these indices, a causality was observed between DMI, TSA and El Niño 3.4. The results of this article can be used as a decision-making tool for the major projects being carried out on the SRB, particularly the construction of new dams. These results can be applied in the agricultural field, allowing us to understand the Cameroonian hydroclimatic system.</p>

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Variability of rainfall in the Sanaga River Basin and its relationships with climatic indices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月26日

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  • Thierry Derol Awoulmbang Sakpak,
  • Sakaros Bogning,
  • Raphael Onguene,
  • Ezinvi Baloïtcha,
  • Thomas Efole Ewouken

摘要

The Sanaga is Cameroon’s most important river, supplying almost 90% of the country’s hydroelectricity. In addition to its importance for the country’s electrification, it is exploited by agricultural companies and non-governmental organizations. It is not only a source of food supply through fishing, livestock farming and agricultural activities but also a place where sand is extracted for local populations. Given the river’s multiple demands, it is necessary to study rainfall variability on the one hand and to analyze the impact of climate change on the Sanaga River Basin (SRB) rainfall using climatic indices on the other. This article focuses on rainfall variability in the Sanaga and its relationships with climatic indices. This study uses Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) data gridded at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° and extended from 1979 to 2017. Regionalization using the K-mean method enabled us to divide the Sanaga into three zones. The modified Mann–Kendall test performed on rainfall time series at a significance level of 5% indicates a statistically negative trend reflecting a drop in rainfall in the Sanaga. A wavelet analysis was then performed between the precipitation time series of the three regions and the El Niño 3.4 climate indices, TNA (Tropical North Atlantic), TSA (Tropical Southern Atlantic), AMM (Atlantic Meridional Mode) and DMI (Dipole Mode Index). Of these indices, a causality was observed between DMI, TSA and El Niño 3.4. The results of this article can be used as a decision-making tool for the major projects being carried out on the SRB, particularly the construction of new dams. These results can be applied in the agricultural field, allowing us to understand the Cameroonian hydroclimatic system.