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<p>The present study aims to investigate the Damuda Formation exposed in the eastern part of Sikkim, in the Himalayas, on the Kamling village along the Jorthang–Legship road. The geological set-up of Sikkim is influenced by the tectonic system, particularly Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Central Thrust (MCT). The Damuda Formation belongs to the Lower Gondwana of the Gondwana Supergroup and includes carbonaceous shale, calcareous sandstone, sandstone, and thin coal beds of the Permian in age. Organic matter, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Rock–Eval pyrolysis were employed to focus the studied sediments’ palaeoenvironmental conditions, mineralogy, and hydrocarbon source potential. This paper highlights the significance of the Damuda Formation, which is exposed along the Jorthang–Legship road section where no record of the above analytical study exists. The organic matter is dominated by charcoal, indicative of oxidizing conditions during sedimentation. XRD analysis identified quartz, biotite, and clay minerals as predominant constituents, suggesting a detrital origin with diagenetic alteration under arid to humid climatic conditions. Rock–Eval pyrolysis indicated predominantly type III and type IV kerogen, suggesting poor hydrocarbon source potential.</p>

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Source rock and palaeoecology of the Permian Damuda Formation, Group, Sikkim: Rock–Eval pyrolysis and organic matter approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月5日

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  • Ajoykumar Wahengbam,
  • Yengkhom Raghumani Singh,
  • Laishram Sarjesh Singh,
  • Chungkham Kevin Singh

摘要

The present study aims to investigate the Damuda Formation exposed in the eastern part of Sikkim, in the Himalayas, on the Kamling village along the Jorthang–Legship road. The geological set-up of Sikkim is influenced by the tectonic system, particularly Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Central Thrust (MCT). The Damuda Formation belongs to the Lower Gondwana of the Gondwana Supergroup and includes carbonaceous shale, calcareous sandstone, sandstone, and thin coal beds of the Permian in age. Organic matter, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Rock–Eval pyrolysis were employed to focus the studied sediments’ palaeoenvironmental conditions, mineralogy, and hydrocarbon source potential. This paper highlights the significance of the Damuda Formation, which is exposed along the Jorthang–Legship road section where no record of the above analytical study exists. The organic matter is dominated by charcoal, indicative of oxidizing conditions during sedimentation. XRD analysis identified quartz, biotite, and clay minerals as predominant constituents, suggesting a detrital origin with diagenetic alteration under arid to humid climatic conditions. Rock–Eval pyrolysis indicated predominantly type III and type IV kerogen, suggesting poor hydrocarbon source potential.