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<p>The sustainable valorization of waste materials into high-performance functional materials has garnered significant attention in environmental remediation and energy storage domains. In this study, waste tire-derived carbon (TC) was chemically activated using potassium hydroxide&#xa0;(KOH), followed by nitrogen incorporation through urea treatment. The adsorption and electrochemical performances of tire-derived activated carbon (TAC) and urea treated tire-derived activated carbon (U-TAC) were compared. The synergic effect of KOH activation and urea treatment resulted in improved surface properties, as verified through various morphological and chemical characterizations, including XPS, FTIR, BET, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. These modifications significantly improved both the specific capacitance as an electrode and the adsorption capacity for pollutant of the material. The electrochemical energy storage measurements revealed a remarkable improvement in specific capacitance to 70 F&#xa0;g<sup>–1</sup> (TAC) and to 129 F&#xa0;g<sup>–1</sup> (U-TAC) from 43 F&#xa0;g<sup>–1</sup> (TC) in 1M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte. During adsorption studies TC, TAC and U-TAC showed removal efficiencies of 19, 56 and 87%, respectively for bisphenol A (BPA) using a 50 ppm BPA solution at a 0.5 g L<sup>–1</sup> dosage, demonstrating superior removal efficiency for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Furthermore, U-TAC was tested for column adsorption, in which 1 g of adsorbent removed 70% of the pollutant flowing through it at a rate of 1 mL min<sup>–1</sup>. The urea treatment of TAC successfully incorporated nitrogen functionalities, which increased its affinity toward organic polar contaminants and also contributed to enhanced electrochemical energy storage behavior. The findings suggest that U-TAC is a promising bifunctional material for applications in wastewater treatment and energy storage, contributing to both environmental protection and circular economy goals.</p> Graphical abstract <p>The pyrolized tire carbon (TC) was first activated with KOH (TAC) and then N-doping was done with urea(U-TAC). The specific capacitance at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup> are 43, 70 &amp; 129 F g-1 for TC, TAC and U-TAC respectively in supercapacitor studies. The adsorption efficiencies are 19 (TC), 56 (TAC) &amp; 87 (U-TAC) % for BPA from 50ppm pollutant with 0.5 g L<sup>−1</sup> dosage.</p> <p></p>

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A second life for waste tires: Nitrogen-incorporated activated carbon for dual applications in supercapacitors and bisphenol-A removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Shiva Deepti Rangu,
  • Shreeganesh Subraya Hegde,
  • Harsha S Rangappa,
  • Rajesh Kumar Sethi,
  • Dibyananda Majhi,
  • Subrahmanyam Challapalli

摘要

The sustainable valorization of waste materials into high-performance functional materials has garnered significant attention in environmental remediation and energy storage domains. In this study, waste tire-derived carbon (TC) was chemically activated using potassium hydroxide (KOH), followed by nitrogen incorporation through urea treatment. The adsorption and electrochemical performances of tire-derived activated carbon (TAC) and urea treated tire-derived activated carbon (U-TAC) were compared. The synergic effect of KOH activation and urea treatment resulted in improved surface properties, as verified through various morphological and chemical characterizations, including XPS, FTIR, BET, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. These modifications significantly improved both the specific capacitance as an electrode and the adsorption capacity for pollutant of the material. The electrochemical energy storage measurements revealed a remarkable improvement in specific capacitance to 70 F g–1 (TAC) and to 129 F g–1 (U-TAC) from 43 F g–1 (TC) in 1M H2SO4 electrolyte. During adsorption studies TC, TAC and U-TAC showed removal efficiencies of 19, 56 and 87%, respectively for bisphenol A (BPA) using a 50 ppm BPA solution at a 0.5 g L–1 dosage, demonstrating superior removal efficiency for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Furthermore, U-TAC was tested for column adsorption, in which 1 g of adsorbent removed 70% of the pollutant flowing through it at a rate of 1 mL min–1. The urea treatment of TAC successfully incorporated nitrogen functionalities, which increased its affinity toward organic polar contaminants and also contributed to enhanced electrochemical energy storage behavior. The findings suggest that U-TAC is a promising bifunctional material for applications in wastewater treatment and energy storage, contributing to both environmental protection and circular economy goals.

Graphical abstract

The pyrolized tire carbon (TC) was first activated with KOH (TAC) and then N-doping was done with urea(U-TAC). The specific capacitance at 0.5 A g−1 are 43, 70 & 129 F g-1 for TC, TAC and U-TAC respectively in supercapacitor studies. The adsorption efficiencies are 19 (TC), 56 (TAC) & 87 (U-TAC) % for BPA from 50ppm pollutant with 0.5 g L−1 dosage.