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<p>A surfactant-assisted co-precipitation method enabled the synthesis of Yb<sup>3+</sup> ion-doped Mg–Zn ferrites, which were subsequently combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using ultrasonication to produce excellent magnetically recyclable, visible-light-responsive nanocomposites. This synergistic design enables efficient solar-driven degradation of pollutants while ensuring reusability, making them promising candidates for sustainable and economically efficient environmental remediation. The samples were characterised by X-Ray diffraction, which verified the successful integration of a spinel ferrite with CNTs. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a spherical morphology featuring particle sizes from 7.62 to 12.34 nm. The FTIR spectra highlight significant vibrational modes at 450 and 560 cm<sup>–1</sup>, corresponding to the octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively. TEM shows spherical grains that aggregate and exhibit a porous morphology alongside CNTs. Vibrating sample magnetometer analysis confirms superparamagnetism, and incorporating CNTs with ferrite nanoparticles in these nanocomposites significantly reduces their band gap values from 2.53 to 2.08 eV, which is observed with increasing Yb<sup>3+</sup> concentration. Photocatalytic tests significantly improved dye degradation, with YMZC10 achieving 90.44% efficiency within 90 min under solar irradiation. The engineered nanocomposites demonstrate excellent photocatalytic activity, structural stability, and magnetic retrievability along with reusability, making them highly effective for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater.</p> Graphical abstract <p><i>Synopsis.</i> This graphical abstract demonstrates photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) using Yb<sup>3+</sup>-doped Mg–Zn ferrite nanoparticles anchored on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the presence of sunlight. Solar irradiation leads to the generation of electron–hole pairs, promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species that oxidatively degrade the MB dye. The magnetic ferrite core enables easy magnetic separation and ensuring efficient recyclability posttreatmentleading to environmental sustainability.</p>

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Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue via Yb3+-doped Mg–Zn ferrite anchored on carbon nanotubes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Parveen Kumari,
  • Krishan Kumar

摘要

A surfactant-assisted co-precipitation method enabled the synthesis of Yb3+ ion-doped Mg–Zn ferrites, which were subsequently combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using ultrasonication to produce excellent magnetically recyclable, visible-light-responsive nanocomposites. This synergistic design enables efficient solar-driven degradation of pollutants while ensuring reusability, making them promising candidates for sustainable and economically efficient environmental remediation. The samples were characterised by X-Ray diffraction, which verified the successful integration of a spinel ferrite with CNTs. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a spherical morphology featuring particle sizes from 7.62 to 12.34 nm. The FTIR spectra highlight significant vibrational modes at 450 and 560 cm–1, corresponding to the octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively. TEM shows spherical grains that aggregate and exhibit a porous morphology alongside CNTs. Vibrating sample magnetometer analysis confirms superparamagnetism, and incorporating CNTs with ferrite nanoparticles in these nanocomposites significantly reduces their band gap values from 2.53 to 2.08 eV, which is observed with increasing Yb3+ concentration. Photocatalytic tests significantly improved dye degradation, with YMZC10 achieving 90.44% efficiency within 90 min under solar irradiation. The engineered nanocomposites demonstrate excellent photocatalytic activity, structural stability, and magnetic retrievability along with reusability, making them highly effective for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater.

Graphical abstract

Synopsis. This graphical abstract demonstrates photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) using Yb3+-doped Mg–Zn ferrite nanoparticles anchored on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the presence of sunlight. Solar irradiation leads to the generation of electron–hole pairs, promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species that oxidatively degrade the MB dye. The magnetic ferrite core enables easy magnetic separation and ensuring efficient recyclability posttreatmentleading to environmental sustainability.