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<p>The surviving brain tissue undergoes secondary degeneration long after an ischemic stroke. Cathepsin B plays dual roles as both a scavenger and an executor. Using a mouse model of ischemic stroke, we specifically investigated the mechanism by which inhibiting Cathepsin B with CA074 methyl ester (CA-074Me) during the chronic phase of stroke exerts a protective effect. In the intervention group, CA-074Me (20&#xa0;μg CA-074Me/1&#xa0;μl DMSO) was stereotaxically injected in the right ventricle, and, 30&#xa0;min later, the animals were subjected to develop transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (tMCAO/R) stroke model with modified Longa method. In the model group, 1&#xa0;μl DMSO was given in the right ventricle instead and the sham-operated group received 1&#xa0;μl DMSO in the right ventricle without arterial occlusion. We evaluated the effects of inhibition of Cathepsin B on the nervous system after tMCAO/R injury by combined use behavioral tests, neurological deficit scoring, Western blot and other pharmacological methods and explored the underlying mechanism. After tMCAO/R, sustained upregulation and activation of Cathepsin B was noticed in the ipsilateral hippocampus CA1 zone and CA-074Me ameliorated the parallel lysosome-mitochondria damage, decreased apoptosis, improved the cognitive dysfunction, but had no effects on levels of mouse anxiety or depression. Furthermore, CA-074Me reduced neuroinflammation, levels of oxidative stress and mitochondria fission. Inhibition of Cathepsin B alleviates mitochondrial abnormalities in the ipsilateral hippocampus CA1 zone 28&#xa0;days after tMCAO/R by suppressing Drp-1mediated excessive mitochondrial fission. This, in turn, reduces neuronal apoptosis, ameliorates neuroinflammation, and mitigates oxidative stress and neuronal damage, indicating Cathepsin B may serve as a potential therapeutic target for remote secondary degeneration following acute ischemic stroke.</p>

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Inhibition of Cathepsin B Ameliorates Murine Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuronal Damage in Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月30日

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  • Hongyi Jia,
  • Bingge Zhang,
  • Xiao Han,
  • Pei Yu,
  • Bocheng Xiong,
  • Tiansu Liu,
  • Luchen Shan,
  • Xifei Yang,
  • Qinghua Hou

摘要

The surviving brain tissue undergoes secondary degeneration long after an ischemic stroke. Cathepsin B plays dual roles as both a scavenger and an executor. Using a mouse model of ischemic stroke, we specifically investigated the mechanism by which inhibiting Cathepsin B with CA074 methyl ester (CA-074Me) during the chronic phase of stroke exerts a protective effect. In the intervention group, CA-074Me (20 μg CA-074Me/1 μl DMSO) was stereotaxically injected in the right ventricle, and, 30 min later, the animals were subjected to develop transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (tMCAO/R) stroke model with modified Longa method. In the model group, 1 μl DMSO was given in the right ventricle instead and the sham-operated group received 1 μl DMSO in the right ventricle without arterial occlusion. We evaluated the effects of inhibition of Cathepsin B on the nervous system after tMCAO/R injury by combined use behavioral tests, neurological deficit scoring, Western blot and other pharmacological methods and explored the underlying mechanism. After tMCAO/R, sustained upregulation and activation of Cathepsin B was noticed in the ipsilateral hippocampus CA1 zone and CA-074Me ameliorated the parallel lysosome-mitochondria damage, decreased apoptosis, improved the cognitive dysfunction, but had no effects on levels of mouse anxiety or depression. Furthermore, CA-074Me reduced neuroinflammation, levels of oxidative stress and mitochondria fission. Inhibition of Cathepsin B alleviates mitochondrial abnormalities in the ipsilateral hippocampus CA1 zone 28 days after tMCAO/R by suppressing Drp-1mediated excessive mitochondrial fission. This, in turn, reduces neuronal apoptosis, ameliorates neuroinflammation, and mitigates oxidative stress and neuronal damage, indicating Cathepsin B may serve as a potential therapeutic target for remote secondary degeneration following acute ischemic stroke.