Chronic pain presents as a complex condition encompassing sensory (Zhang Z et al. Cell Rep 12;752–759, 2015) and emotional components, often accompanied by anxiety, depression, insomnia, and cognitive impairment. These factors significantly hinder daily activities and rehabilitation efforts. The widespread prevalence of chronic pain imposes substantial clinical, societal, and economic burdens. While current analgesics have limitations and associated side effects such as tolerance, dependency, cognitive deficits, and a narrow therapeutic window, the search for new analgesic options remains imperative. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), a key modulator in pain processing pathways, plays a crucial role in executive functions. This review specifically focuses on the cognitive impairments associated with chronic pain and highlights the pivotal role of the ECS in the cognitive aspects of pain. Additionally, the effectiveness of cannabinoid-based medications in improving executive functions in patients with chronic pain is evaluated.
