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<p>This work aims to study and calculate the efficiency of ruthenium dye-sensitized Ru(N719)-TiO<sub>2</sub> solar cells (DSSCs) based on quantitative theoretical approach to electron transfer in a hetero junction device. The <i>J–V</i> characteristics of Ru(N719)-TiO<sub>2</sub> hetero junction-based DSSC were&#xa0;calculated to solve the current density equation using MATLAB software. The energy levels of two materials in Ru(N719)-TiO<sub>2</sub> hetero junction device were assumed to be continuous levels for this purpose. Generally, the current and current density increased with increasing coupling constant. The efficiency of Ru(N719)-TiO<sub>2</sub> DSSC depends on many parameters. Transition energy, coupling constant and concentration play a critical role in the calculation of current density and fill factor and performance of Ru(N719)-TiO<sub>2</sub> DSSC. The results show a maximum efficiency in contacting ruthenium Ru(N719) with TiO<sub>2</sub> DSSC appeared at concentration <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12034_2025_3409_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="99" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(7 \times 10^{18} \; {\text{cm}}^{ - 3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>7</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>18</mn> </msup> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mtext>cm</mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> compared to the low efficiency at low concentration <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12034_2025_3409_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="99" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3 \times 10^{18} \;{\text{cm}}^{ - 3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>18</mn> </msup> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mtext>cm</mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. These results showed that high concentration can increase the resulting efficiency value. The Ru(N719)-TiO<sub>2</sub> DSSC using acetonitrile solvent at a low carrier concentration of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12034_2025_3409_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="99" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3 \times 10^{18} \;{\text{cm}}^{ - 3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>18</mn> </msup> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mtext>cm</mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> demonstrates a low open circuit voltage and shortest circuit current density with a low fill factor under an optical density of (100&#xa0;mW&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>) at (AM 1.5) and minimum overall solar energy conversion efficiency Ru(N719)-TiO<sub>2</sub> DSSC, at higher carrier concentration of about <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12034_2025_3409_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="99" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(7 \times 10^{18} \;{\text{cm}}^{ - 3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>7</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>18</mn> </msup> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mtext>cm</mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> show high open circuit voltage and current density with a high fill factor to produce maximum solar energy conversion efficiency.</p>

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A theoretical study on the efficiency of DSSC, based on the contact of sensitive ruthenium dye N719 with TiO2 hetero junction using an electron transfer process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月11日

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  • Mudhafar Jebur Ali,
  • Hadi J M Al-Agealy,
  • Hossain Milani Moghaddam

摘要

This work aims to study and calculate the efficiency of ruthenium dye-sensitized Ru(N719)-TiO2 solar cells (DSSCs) based on quantitative theoretical approach to electron transfer in a hetero junction device. The J–V characteristics of Ru(N719)-TiO2 hetero junction-based DSSC were calculated to solve the current density equation using MATLAB software. The energy levels of two materials in Ru(N719)-TiO2 hetero junction device were assumed to be continuous levels for this purpose. Generally, the current and current density increased with increasing coupling constant. The efficiency of Ru(N719)-TiO2 DSSC depends on many parameters. Transition energy, coupling constant and concentration play a critical role in the calculation of current density and fill factor and performance of Ru(N719)-TiO2 DSSC. The results show a maximum efficiency in contacting ruthenium Ru(N719) with TiO2 DSSC appeared at concentration \(7 \times 10^{18} \; {\text{cm}}^{ - 3}\) 7 × 10 18 cm - 3 compared to the low efficiency at low concentration \(3 \times 10^{18} \;{\text{cm}}^{ - 3}\) 3 × 10 18 cm - 3 . These results showed that high concentration can increase the resulting efficiency value. The Ru(N719)-TiO2 DSSC using acetonitrile solvent at a low carrier concentration of \(3 \times 10^{18} \;{\text{cm}}^{ - 3}\) 3 × 10 18 cm - 3 demonstrates a low open circuit voltage and shortest circuit current density with a low fill factor under an optical density of (100 mW cm−2) at (AM 1.5) and minimum overall solar energy conversion efficiency Ru(N719)-TiO2 DSSC, at higher carrier concentration of about \(7 \times 10^{18} \;{\text{cm}}^{ - 3}\) 7 × 10 18 cm - 3 show high open circuit voltage and current density with a high fill factor to produce maximum solar energy conversion efficiency.