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<p><i>Merremia tridentata</i> of the Convolvulaceae family exhibits multiple therapeutic properties and is commonly utilized in ethnomedicine. The anti-cancerous property of <i>M. tridentata</i> ethyl acetate extract (MtEAE) was evaluated in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay in a dose-dependent manner with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 57.55&#xa0;µg/mL. The PI and AO/EB staining revealed membrane damage and stimulation of cell death in treated cells. DNA damage was visualized by DAPI staining in treated cells. The Rhodamine 123 detects the mitochondrial membrane damage of the cells treated with MtEAE. The intracellular ROS distribution was assessed with DCFH-DA staining. The cell migration assay indicated suppression of cell migratory ability. Gene expression analysis showed augmented expression of p53 and BAX, a pro-apoptotic gene, along with downregulation of BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic gene indicating the induction of apoptosis. The hepatocellular carcinoma biomarker PCNA was downregulated causing inhibition of cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis showed 71.82% of cells in the G0/G1 phase and it decreases further, confirming cell cycle arrest. These findings demonstrate that <i>M. tridentata</i> extract exerts potent anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation in HepG2 cells.</p>

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Merremia tridentata ethyl acetate extract suppresses HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation via PCNA downregulation and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Kiruthika Kasthuri,
  • Vijayalakshmi Kumaravel,
  • Madan Kumar Arumugam

摘要

Merremia tridentata of the Convolvulaceae family exhibits multiple therapeutic properties and is commonly utilized in ethnomedicine. The anti-cancerous property of M. tridentata ethyl acetate extract (MtEAE) was evaluated in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 57.55 µg/mL. The PI and AO/EB staining revealed membrane damage and stimulation of cell death in treated cells. DNA damage was visualized by DAPI staining in treated cells. The Rhodamine 123 detects the mitochondrial membrane damage of the cells treated with MtEAE. The intracellular ROS distribution was assessed with DCFH-DA staining. The cell migration assay indicated suppression of cell migratory ability. Gene expression analysis showed augmented expression of p53 and BAX, a pro-apoptotic gene, along with downregulation of BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic gene indicating the induction of apoptosis. The hepatocellular carcinoma biomarker PCNA was downregulated causing inhibition of cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis showed 71.82% of cells in the G0/G1 phase and it decreases further, confirming cell cycle arrest. These findings demonstrate that M. tridentata extract exerts potent anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation in HepG2 cells.