<p>With an prominence on both cutting-edge and established cancer treatments, this review scrutinizes the adverse effects of oncotherapy. In order to enhance patient care and clinical practice, it is intended to comprehend the physiological and psychological effects of these therapies. A comprehensive review of various cancer therapies was conducted, including chemotherapy, radiation, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), gene therapy, and small molecule targeted drugs etc. A comparative analysis was performed over the past 15&#xa0;years, dividing treatments into three periods: Group A (2010–2014), Group B (2015–2019), and Group C (2020–2024), to assess changes in treatment efficacy and side effects. Even if conventional medicines are helpful in reducing tumours, they frequently have serious adverse effects on the body and mind. With more focused strategies like ADCs and gene therapy, Group C’s more recent treatments eventually showed decreased systemic adverse effects and increased patient comfort. Nevertheless, there are still issues with these cutting-edge therapies, such as limited clinical applicability and long-term negative effects. A detailed grasp of the benefits and downsides of various oncotherapy methods is vital for enhancing both research and clinical outcomes. This evaluation attempts to assist medical professionals in striking a balance between cancer control and patient quality of life by comparing treatments over three different time periods.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>