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Objective <p>Cirrhosis, caused by chronic liver diseases, leads to impaired liver function and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study analyzed CDC WONDER data to examine US patients where both cirrhosis and HCC were listed as co-occurring causes of death.</p> Methods <p>Mortality records (1999–2022) were queried for deaths where both HCC (ICD-10 = C22.0) and cirrhosis (ICD-10 = K70.3, K74.5, K74.6) were listed among multiple causes of death in adults aged 25 + . Joinpoint regression analysis assessed annual percentage change (APC) in mortality trends. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were analyzed across demographics.</p> Results <p>From 1999 to 2022, cirrhosis and HCC caused 63,484 deaths. AAMR increased from 0.68 (1999) to 1.58 (2022). Mortality rose in three phases: initial increase (1999–2006, APC = 2.13; 95% CI = 0.07–3.28), rapid surge (2006–2017, APC = 5.57; 95% CI = 5.14–6.51), and gradual rise (2017–2022, APC = 1.78; 95% CI = 0.43–2.75). AAMR was consistently higher in men (2022 = men 2.60, women 0.66). Hispanics had the highest AAMR (2022 = 2.98), followed by Non-Hispanic (NH) Black (2022 = 1.48) and NH White (2022 = 1.36). Regional variation showed the highest AAMR in the West (AAMR 2022 = 2.10) and the lowest in the Northeast (AAMR 2022 = 1.06). During the 2021–2022 period, Oregon had the highest AAMR (3.21), while West Virginia had the lowest (0.73).</p> Conclusion <p>The steady rise in co-occurring HCC and cirrhosis mortality underscores disparities across sex, race, and region. Targeted public health interventions are necessary to reduce these inequalities and curb mortality trends.</p>

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Mortality Trends of Co-occurring Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the USA, 1999–2022: A Nationally Representative Sample

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Yousaf Zafar,
  • Areesha Hafeez,
  • Shanzay Akhtar,
  • Hafsa Azam,
  • Muzamil Akhtar,
  • Nikki Duong

摘要

Objective

Cirrhosis, caused by chronic liver diseases, leads to impaired liver function and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study analyzed CDC WONDER data to examine US patients where both cirrhosis and HCC were listed as co-occurring causes of death.

Methods

Mortality records (1999–2022) were queried for deaths where both HCC (ICD-10 = C22.0) and cirrhosis (ICD-10 = K70.3, K74.5, K74.6) were listed among multiple causes of death in adults aged 25 + . Joinpoint regression analysis assessed annual percentage change (APC) in mortality trends. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were analyzed across demographics.

Results

From 1999 to 2022, cirrhosis and HCC caused 63,484 deaths. AAMR increased from 0.68 (1999) to 1.58 (2022). Mortality rose in three phases: initial increase (1999–2006, APC = 2.13; 95% CI = 0.07–3.28), rapid surge (2006–2017, APC = 5.57; 95% CI = 5.14–6.51), and gradual rise (2017–2022, APC = 1.78; 95% CI = 0.43–2.75). AAMR was consistently higher in men (2022 = men 2.60, women 0.66). Hispanics had the highest AAMR (2022 = 2.98), followed by Non-Hispanic (NH) Black (2022 = 1.48) and NH White (2022 = 1.36). Regional variation showed the highest AAMR in the West (AAMR 2022 = 2.10) and the lowest in the Northeast (AAMR 2022 = 1.06). During the 2021–2022 period, Oregon had the highest AAMR (3.21), while West Virginia had the lowest (0.73).

Conclusion

The steady rise in co-occurring HCC and cirrhosis mortality underscores disparities across sex, race, and region. Targeted public health interventions are necessary to reduce these inequalities and curb mortality trends.