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Purpose <p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an escalating global health problem, and Turkiye is experiencing a particularly rapid rise in prevalence. Understanding national trends and associated risk factors is essential for developing targeted prevention and disease management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes in Turkiye and identify associated demographic, anthropometric, behavioral, and familial risk factors using nationally representative surveys over 2008 to 2022.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional analysis utilized pooled data from seven cycles of the Turkish Health Survey (2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2019, and 2022), comprising 120,044 adult participants. Diabetes status was self-reported. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for adults participants to investigate the association of diabetes likelihood with independent predictors, including age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, education, employment, physical activity, geographic region, and family history of diabetes.</p> Results <p>Diabetes prevalence increased significantly over time, from 6.6% in 2008 to 13.2% in 2022. Higher age, female gender, greater BMI and waist circumference, lower education level, and unemployment were independently associated with increased odds of diabetes. Physical activity—both moderate and vigorous—demonstrated reduced likelihood of DM, particularly with higher frequency. Regional variation was evident, with the Aegean and Middle Anatolia regions showing higher prevalence and Northeastern Anatolia the lowest. Having a diabetic parent was associated with an 89% increase in odds, while having a non-diabetic spouse was associated with a 32% reduction.</p> Conclusion <p>Diabetes prevalence in Turkiye has nearly doubled over a time-span of 14 years and is associated with a range of modifiable sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The findings highlight the need for nationwide, regionally fine-tuned, prevention and management programs targeting obesity, sedentary behavior, and social determinants of health, taking also into account the family history.</p>

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National trends and determinants of diabetes mellitus in turkish adults, 2008–2022

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Duha Yahya,
  • Ridvan Sakir,
  • Mehmet Kocak

摘要

Purpose

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an escalating global health problem, and Turkiye is experiencing a particularly rapid rise in prevalence. Understanding national trends and associated risk factors is essential for developing targeted prevention and disease management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes in Turkiye and identify associated demographic, anthropometric, behavioral, and familial risk factors using nationally representative surveys over 2008 to 2022.

Methods

This cross-sectional analysis utilized pooled data from seven cycles of the Turkish Health Survey (2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2019, and 2022), comprising 120,044 adult participants. Diabetes status was self-reported. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for adults participants to investigate the association of diabetes likelihood with independent predictors, including age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, education, employment, physical activity, geographic region, and family history of diabetes.

Results

Diabetes prevalence increased significantly over time, from 6.6% in 2008 to 13.2% in 2022. Higher age, female gender, greater BMI and waist circumference, lower education level, and unemployment were independently associated with increased odds of diabetes. Physical activity—both moderate and vigorous—demonstrated reduced likelihood of DM, particularly with higher frequency. Regional variation was evident, with the Aegean and Middle Anatolia regions showing higher prevalence and Northeastern Anatolia the lowest. Having a diabetic parent was associated with an 89% increase in odds, while having a non-diabetic spouse was associated with a 32% reduction.

Conclusion

Diabetes prevalence in Turkiye has nearly doubled over a time-span of 14 years and is associated with a range of modifiable sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The findings highlight the need for nationwide, regionally fine-tuned, prevention and management programs targeting obesity, sedentary behavior, and social determinants of health, taking also into account the family history.