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<p>The pharmacological properties of <i>C. gigantea</i> have been scientifically validated, making it evident the significance of this plant in both traditional and contemporary medicines. In the current investigation, CuO-NPs were synthesized using the green synthesis method with the leaf extract of <i>C. gigantea</i> and then its antineoplastic activities were determined against human lung carcinoma cells. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract of <i>C. gigantea</i> reveals the presence of several active chemicals, which include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins. The antioxidant activity of the sample was analyzed using two standard methods, namely DPPH and FRAP assays. It is well documented that the sample exhibits remarkable free radicals scavenging activity. The characterization of the synthesized CuO-NPs was carried out based on its physicochemical properties. MTT assay was performed in order to study the anti-cancer activity of CuO-NPs. The outcome of the experiment indicated that there was a considerable decrease in viability of A549 cells. The cytotoxic mechanism of nanoparticles was examined using various methods, including DAPI staining, Rhodamine 123, and flow cytometry. It was observed that the cells experienced nuclear condensation, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and induction of apoptosis. The main purpose of this research is to examine the use of a sustainable method for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) from <i>C. gigantea</i> leaves and to evaluate their physicochemical, antioxidant properties, and anticancer effects through ROS-induced mechanism against A549 human lung cancer cells.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Green Fabrication and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using C. Gigantea Leaf Extract and Their ROS-Mediated Anticancer Activity Against A549 Lung Cancer Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Bavya Swaminathan,
  • Sivakumar Ramalingam,
  • Renuka Saravanan

摘要

The pharmacological properties of C. gigantea have been scientifically validated, making it evident the significance of this plant in both traditional and contemporary medicines. In the current investigation, CuO-NPs were synthesized using the green synthesis method with the leaf extract of C. gigantea and then its antineoplastic activities were determined against human lung carcinoma cells. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract of C. gigantea reveals the presence of several active chemicals, which include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins. The antioxidant activity of the sample was analyzed using two standard methods, namely DPPH and FRAP assays. It is well documented that the sample exhibits remarkable free radicals scavenging activity. The characterization of the synthesized CuO-NPs was carried out based on its physicochemical properties. MTT assay was performed in order to study the anti-cancer activity of CuO-NPs. The outcome of the experiment indicated that there was a considerable decrease in viability of A549 cells. The cytotoxic mechanism of nanoparticles was examined using various methods, including DAPI staining, Rhodamine 123, and flow cytometry. It was observed that the cells experienced nuclear condensation, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and induction of apoptosis. The main purpose of this research is to examine the use of a sustainable method for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) from C. gigantea leaves and to evaluate their physicochemical, antioxidant properties, and anticancer effects through ROS-induced mechanism against A549 human lung cancer cells.

Graphical abstract