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<p><i>Epipremnum aureum</i>, a traditionally valued medicinal plant, has been investigated for its potential in nanobiotechnology through this research. AgNPs were prepared from the leaf extract of <i>E. aureum</i> through an eco-friendly green synthesis method. The acquired AgNPs were characterized through dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), zeta potential measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). SEM &amp; TEM analysis confirmed spherical shape with an average particle size of 151 nanometres. FT-IR spectra revealed functional groups responsible for nanoparticle capping and stabilization, while zeta potential measured at − 34.9 mV indicated high colloidal stability. Plant extracts were obtained through cold maceration using ethyl acetate and chloroform, with the chloroform extract yielding a higher concentration of bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity, as assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays, demonstrated a superior radical scavenging potential in the chloroform extract. Assessment of cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells was performed using both MTT and AO/EtBr dual staining techniques. Biological assays indicated intense dose-dependent activity, with the AgNPs having a considerably smaller IC₅₀ value against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀ = 17&#xa0;µg/mL) than the crude extract of ethyl acetate (IC₅₀ = 45&#xa0;µg/mL) and chloroform (IC₅₀ = 38&#xa0;µg/mL), reflecting greater cytotoxicity. Fluorescence microscopy revealed apoptotic morphological changes in AgNP-treated cells. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis indicated G₂/M phase cell cycle arrest, suggesting a possible mechanism of action for the cytotoxic effects. These findings highlight the potential of <i>Epipremnum aureum</i>-mediated AgNPs as promising candidates for nanomedicine-based breast cancer therapy, offering a sustainable and effective approach for future oncological applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Epipremnum aureum-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Saravanan Ravichandran,
  • Sivakumar Ramalingam,
  • Gajavarthini Senthilkumar,
  • Manickam Paulpandi,
  • Renuka Saravanan

摘要

Epipremnum aureum, a traditionally valued medicinal plant, has been investigated for its potential in nanobiotechnology through this research. AgNPs were prepared from the leaf extract of E. aureum through an eco-friendly green synthesis method. The acquired AgNPs were characterized through dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), zeta potential measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). SEM & TEM analysis confirmed spherical shape with an average particle size of 151 nanometres. FT-IR spectra revealed functional groups responsible for nanoparticle capping and stabilization, while zeta potential measured at − 34.9 mV indicated high colloidal stability. Plant extracts were obtained through cold maceration using ethyl acetate and chloroform, with the chloroform extract yielding a higher concentration of bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity, as assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays, demonstrated a superior radical scavenging potential in the chloroform extract. Assessment of cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells was performed using both MTT and AO/EtBr dual staining techniques. Biological assays indicated intense dose-dependent activity, with the AgNPs having a considerably smaller IC₅₀ value against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀ = 17 µg/mL) than the crude extract of ethyl acetate (IC₅₀ = 45 µg/mL) and chloroform (IC₅₀ = 38 µg/mL), reflecting greater cytotoxicity. Fluorescence microscopy revealed apoptotic morphological changes in AgNP-treated cells. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis indicated G₂/M phase cell cycle arrest, suggesting a possible mechanism of action for the cytotoxic effects. These findings highlight the potential of Epipremnum aureum-mediated AgNPs as promising candidates for nanomedicine-based breast cancer therapy, offering a sustainable and effective approach for future oncological applications.

Graphical Abstract