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<p>Cancer progression depends on complex interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. These involve cellular, molecular, and biomechanical components. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how these interactions govern tumor plasticity, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, and endothelial cells are highlighted as key mediators of extracellular matrix remodeling, immune modulation, and angiogenesis. The study underscores the role of adhesion molecules, such as integrins and cadherins, as key mediators of communication and metastasis. Immunoevasion strategies, driven by checkpoint proteins and tumor-secreted factors, are examined as pivotal mechanisms of tumor survival. Emerging tools include CRISPR gene editing, nanotechnology, and targeted molecular therapies. These strategies aim to disrupt tumor–microenvironment interactions. This integrative perspective advances the understanding of tumor biology, offering a framework for developing precision therapies aimed at overcoming therapeutic resistance and improving patient outcomes.</p>

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Physical Interactions between Cancer Cells and Tumor Microenvironment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Andressa Beatriz Apolinário da Silva Correia,
  • Beatriz Medeiros de Souza Melo,
  • Bruna Alves da Silva,
  • Giovana Cruz Maciel,
  • Guilherme Matheus Santos Marques Cavalcante,
  • João Pedro Almeida dos Santos,
  • Layza Maria Barbosa Silva,
  • Luís Filipe Pereira Rocha,
  • Maria Beatriz Cavalcante Brêda,
  • Maria Eduarda Teixeira de Oliveira,
  • Kayo Felipe Barbosa Lima,
  • Luiz Ben-Hur de Oliveira Wanderley Nepomuceno,
  • Thallysson Hebert da Silva,
  • Gustavo Henrique Brasil Rodrigues,
  • Matheus Lira dos Santos,
  • Ana Kelly da Silva Fernandes Duarte,
  • Emisael Stênio Batista Gomes,
  • Sandra Taveiros de Araújo,
  • Raimundo Rodrigues de França-Júnior,
  • Maria Amélia dos Santos Lemos Gurgel,
  • Carlos Alberto de Carvalho Fraga

摘要

Cancer progression depends on complex interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. These involve cellular, molecular, and biomechanical components. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how these interactions govern tumor plasticity, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, and endothelial cells are highlighted as key mediators of extracellular matrix remodeling, immune modulation, and angiogenesis. The study underscores the role of adhesion molecules, such as integrins and cadherins, as key mediators of communication and metastasis. Immunoevasion strategies, driven by checkpoint proteins and tumor-secreted factors, are examined as pivotal mechanisms of tumor survival. Emerging tools include CRISPR gene editing, nanotechnology, and targeted molecular therapies. These strategies aim to disrupt tumor–microenvironment interactions. This integrative perspective advances the understanding of tumor biology, offering a framework for developing precision therapies aimed at overcoming therapeutic resistance and improving patient outcomes.