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<p>Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Cadmium (Cd) are environmentally ubiquitous and coexisting contaminants, yet the consequences of joint exposure remain to be further clarified. This study employed rats to elucidate effects on oxidative stress and autophagy in the liver exposed to these compounds at environment-relevant&#xa0;doses. Results showed that TBBPA or/and CdCl<sub>2</sub> altered hepatic injury biomarkers, along with obvious histopathological alterations. Besides, oxidative stress indicators were elevated, whereas mRNA expressions and activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased, and Nrf2 signaling pathway exhibited a failure of homeostatic activation, with reduced expression of key factors, following TBBPA and CdCl<sub>2</sub> exposure. Further, autophagy inhibition was triggered, which appeared as up-regulating mRNA and protein expressions of key factors. More importantly, changes above were more evident in the combined groups than individual groups. Taken together, these results suggested that environmental doses of TBBPA and CdCl<sub>2</sub> may exacerbate hepatic abnormalities in terms of inducing oxidative stress via Nrf2 signaling pathway and autophagy inhibition.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Tetrabromobisphenol A and Cadmium Chloride Induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Autophagy Inhibition in Rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Rongjing Sun,
  • Jing Tian,
  • Li Che,
  • Tianyang Liu,
  • Huibin Jin,
  • Haonan Zhao,
  • Jin Chen,
  • Nianping Zhang,
  • Xi Kang,
  • Luqing Pan,
  • Piaoye Wu,
  • Bei Liu,
  • Qiaoyun Shen,
  • Tao Jing,
  • Zhenzhong Liu

摘要

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Cadmium (Cd) are environmentally ubiquitous and coexisting contaminants, yet the consequences of joint exposure remain to be further clarified. This study employed rats to elucidate effects on oxidative stress and autophagy in the liver exposed to these compounds at environment-relevant doses. Results showed that TBBPA or/and CdCl2 altered hepatic injury biomarkers, along with obvious histopathological alterations. Besides, oxidative stress indicators were elevated, whereas mRNA expressions and activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased, and Nrf2 signaling pathway exhibited a failure of homeostatic activation, with reduced expression of key factors, following TBBPA and CdCl2 exposure. Further, autophagy inhibition was triggered, which appeared as up-regulating mRNA and protein expressions of key factors. More importantly, changes above were more evident in the combined groups than individual groups. Taken together, these results suggested that environmental doses of TBBPA and CdCl2 may exacerbate hepatic abnormalities in terms of inducing oxidative stress via Nrf2 signaling pathway and autophagy inhibition.

Graphical Abstract