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<p>Iodine nutrition in pregnant women and infants/toddlers is a critical public health indicator, yet the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on iodine status remains unclear. Using data (2014–2022) from 139,163 pregnant women and 30,761 infants/toddlers aged 0–2&#xa0;years in Zhengzhou, we explored effects of the pandemic on iodine nutrition through stratified inter-group analyses and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) modeling. Pregnant women and infants/toddlers had adequate iodine, with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of 192.66&#xa0;μg/L and 213.19&#xa0;μg/L, respectively, both exceeding WHO thresholds for iodine sufficiency (150&#xa0;μg/L for pregnant women and 100&#xa0;μg/L for infants/toddlers). During the pandemic, significantly lower UICs were observed in urban pregnant women aged ≤ 30&#xa0;years (2nd/3rd trimesters), rural pregnant women (1st/2nd trimesters), and rural infants (0–12&#xa0;months) on formula/mixed feeding, compared with those in pre-pandemic. Notably, rural breastfed infants/toddlers had higher UICs during the pandemic than those before. Pre-pandemic data (2014–2019) yielded well-fitting SARIMA models, SARIMA(2,0,3)(2,1,2)<sub>12</sub> for pregnant women and SARIMA(2,1,3)(1,2,2)<sub>12</sub> for infants/toddlers, but incorporating pandemic data (2020–2022) worsened their fits, indicating that UIC patterns during the pandemic deviated from the pre-pandemic trends predicted by the model. These findings suggest that UICs of urban pregnant women aged ≤ 30&#xa0;years in their 2nd/3rd trimesters, rural pregnant women in their 1st/2nd trimesters, and rural infants/toddlers were likely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for targeted monitoring during similar events.&#xa0;</p>

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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Iodine Nutrition Status of Pregnant Women and Infants/Toddlers: Repeated Cross-Sectional Studies in Zhengzhou, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Weihua Jia,
  • Yuhui Du,
  • Qinyang Qin,
  • Weixia Lu,
  • Ruili Lyu,
  • Leizhen Duan,
  • Fangfang Yu,
  • Yuanqing Zhang,
  • Yue Ba,
  • Qiuming Wang,
  • Guoyu Zhou

摘要

Iodine nutrition in pregnant women and infants/toddlers is a critical public health indicator, yet the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on iodine status remains unclear. Using data (2014–2022) from 139,163 pregnant women and 30,761 infants/toddlers aged 0–2 years in Zhengzhou, we explored effects of the pandemic on iodine nutrition through stratified inter-group analyses and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) modeling. Pregnant women and infants/toddlers had adequate iodine, with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of 192.66 μg/L and 213.19 μg/L, respectively, both exceeding WHO thresholds for iodine sufficiency (150 μg/L for pregnant women and 100 μg/L for infants/toddlers). During the pandemic, significantly lower UICs were observed in urban pregnant women aged ≤ 30 years (2nd/3rd trimesters), rural pregnant women (1st/2nd trimesters), and rural infants (0–12 months) on formula/mixed feeding, compared with those in pre-pandemic. Notably, rural breastfed infants/toddlers had higher UICs during the pandemic than those before. Pre-pandemic data (2014–2019) yielded well-fitting SARIMA models, SARIMA(2,0,3)(2,1,2)12 for pregnant women and SARIMA(2,1,3)(1,2,2)12 for infants/toddlers, but incorporating pandemic data (2020–2022) worsened their fits, indicating that UIC patterns during the pandemic deviated from the pre-pandemic trends predicted by the model. These findings suggest that UICs of urban pregnant women aged ≤ 30 years in their 2nd/3rd trimesters, rural pregnant women in their 1st/2nd trimesters, and rural infants/toddlers were likely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for targeted monitoring during similar events.