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Abstract <p>This study evaluated the impact of two xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) samples on gut microbiota from sub-healthy individuals with smoking-associated gut dysbiosis via in vitro fermentation. Sample S1 contained partially retained soluble small-molecular lignin (over 2%) with molecular weights of Mn = 685 Da and Mw = 1264 Da, whereas S2 was a highly purified XOS preparation with negligible soluble lignin content. Compared to S2, the S1 treatment resulted in a higher relative abundance of beneficial genera such as <i>Bifidobacterium</i>(6.6% vs. 5.4%) and <i>Megamonas</i>(46.3% vs. 32.3%), and a lower abundance of potentially harmful bacteria including <i>Fusobacterium</i>(6.7% vs. 21.6%) and <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>(1.6% vs. 8.7%). Moreover, fermentation with S1 resulted in increased production of short-chain fatty acids, particularly acetic acid, indicating improved microbial metabolic activity and gut health potential. Additionally, S1 achieved 63.5% DPPH scavenging at 2 × 10<sup>− 3</sup> g/mL and showed distinctly superior antioxidant performance relative to S2 with negligible radical-scavenging ability, which may contribute to protecting gut microbiota from oxidative stress and supporting overall intestinal barrier function. These results suggest that retention of soluble lignin in XOS enhances its prebiotic efficacy by modulating gut microbiota composition, metabolic function, and antioxidant capacity, supporting its promising application in functional food development and human health promotion.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Impact of Xylooligosaccharides Containing Soluble Lignin Fractions from Birch on Prebiotic Activity by In Vitro Fecal Fermentation of Smoking-Linked Dysbiotic Subhealthy Gut Microbiota

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Lingyan Fang,
  • Chenhuan Lai,
  • Yanan Chen,
  • Caoxing Huang,
  • Qi Hua,
  • Qiang Yong

摘要

Abstract

This study evaluated the impact of two xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) samples on gut microbiota from sub-healthy individuals with smoking-associated gut dysbiosis via in vitro fermentation. Sample S1 contained partially retained soluble small-molecular lignin (over 2%) with molecular weights of Mn = 685 Da and Mw = 1264 Da, whereas S2 was a highly purified XOS preparation with negligible soluble lignin content. Compared to S2, the S1 treatment resulted in a higher relative abundance of beneficial genera such as Bifidobacterium(6.6% vs. 5.4%) and Megamonas(46.3% vs. 32.3%), and a lower abundance of potentially harmful bacteria including Fusobacterium(6.7% vs. 21.6%) and Escherichia-Shigella(1.6% vs. 8.7%). Moreover, fermentation with S1 resulted in increased production of short-chain fatty acids, particularly acetic acid, indicating improved microbial metabolic activity and gut health potential. Additionally, S1 achieved 63.5% DPPH scavenging at 2 × 10− 3 g/mL and showed distinctly superior antioxidant performance relative to S2 with negligible radical-scavenging ability, which may contribute to protecting gut microbiota from oxidative stress and supporting overall intestinal barrier function. These results suggest that retention of soluble lignin in XOS enhances its prebiotic efficacy by modulating gut microbiota composition, metabolic function, and antioxidant capacity, supporting its promising application in functional food development and human health promotion.

Graphical Abstract