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<p>Microorganisms play a pivotal role in environmental detoxification by utilizing their metabolic pathways to degrade, transform, or immobilize toxic pollutants such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial effluents. This review explores microbial enzymatic systems, including oxidoreductases, hydrolases, and transferases, that facilitate pollutant breakdown. Various bioremediation strategies, such as bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and phytoremediation-assisted microbial degradation, are discussed alongside advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, which enhance microbial efficiency for targeted detoxification. The potential of microbial consortia in tackling complex contamination scenarios is also examined. Additionally, omics-based approaches, including metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, provide deeper insights into microbial community dynamics and metabolic capabilities. Challenges such as environmental limitations, regulatory concerns, and sustainability issues are critically analyzed. By integrating microbiology with biotechnological innovations, microbial metabolism can be effectively harnessed for large-scale pollution mitigation, offering ecofriendly and cost-effective solutions to address global environmental challenges and promote sustainable industrial practices.</p>

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Microbial Metabolic Strategies for Environmental Detoxification: From Enzymatic Mechanisms to Synthetic Biology and Omics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Vivek Pattani,
  • Jinesh Kaneriya,
  • Krishna Joshi,
  • Gaurav Sanghvi

摘要

Microorganisms play a pivotal role in environmental detoxification by utilizing their metabolic pathways to degrade, transform, or immobilize toxic pollutants such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial effluents. This review explores microbial enzymatic systems, including oxidoreductases, hydrolases, and transferases, that facilitate pollutant breakdown. Various bioremediation strategies, such as bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and phytoremediation-assisted microbial degradation, are discussed alongside advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, which enhance microbial efficiency for targeted detoxification. The potential of microbial consortia in tackling complex contamination scenarios is also examined. Additionally, omics-based approaches, including metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, provide deeper insights into microbial community dynamics and metabolic capabilities. Challenges such as environmental limitations, regulatory concerns, and sustainability issues are critically analyzed. By integrating microbiology with biotechnological innovations, microbial metabolism can be effectively harnessed for large-scale pollution mitigation, offering ecofriendly and cost-effective solutions to address global environmental challenges and promote sustainable industrial practices.