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<p>Microalgae CO₂ biofixation presents an environmentally sustainable approach for mitigating CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from coal-fired flue gas. However, its widespread application remains limited due to high production costs, raw material safety concerns, and the small market size for microalgae biomass. In contrast, microalgae fertilizer has been drawing increasing attention due to their substantial market potential, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits. In this study, a strain of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> (<i>C</i>. <i>sorokiniana</i> ) with high tolerance to ultra-low flue gas was screened from eight microalgae strains, and its maximum biomass reached 3.02&#xa0;g L<sup>− 1</sup> within 7 days under ultra-low flue gas conditions. During cultivation, the culture system captured and transformed the flue gas components (CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>), which resulted in 211-fold, 0.19-fold and 12-fold increases in total carbon, total nitrogen and sulfate contents compared to the original BG11 culture medium, respectively. This process effectively upgraded inorganic flue gas pollutants into readily available nutrients for crop growth. In addition, <i>C</i>. <i>sorokinian</i> also synthesized valuable biostimulants, including amino acids (e.g., 22.3 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> lysine and 20.68 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> glutamic acid) and plant hormones (e.g., 14.21&#xa0;µg L<sup>− 1</sup> salicylic acid and 16.82&#xa0;µg L<sup>− 1</sup> indole-3-acetic acid). The potential of <i>C. sorokinian</i>a suspension and its lysate as fertilizer were confirmed through lettuce cultivation experiments. Application of <i>C. sorokiniana</i> suspension at all tested doses significantly promoted plant growth, resulting in increases of 7.7–15.6% in fresh shoot weight, 3.3–15.1% in root length, and 4.2–18.4% in root fresh weight. It also improved lettuce quality, increasing the contents of vitamin E and soluble sugars by 19.6–43.9% and 4.9–41.7%, respectively. A similar promoting effect was also observed with the application of <i>C. sorokiniana</i> lysate at different doses. This study provides a feasible technical pathway for achieving flue gas carbon capture and resource utilization based on microalgae.</p>

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Cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana with Simulated Flue Gas and Utilization of the Biomass as Fertilizer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Xicai Zhang,
  • Jinli Zhang,
  • Bo Huang,
  • Yuke Hu,
  • Tao Tang,
  • Fengmin Li,
  • Wei Wei

摘要

Microalgae CO₂ biofixation presents an environmentally sustainable approach for mitigating CO2 emissions from coal-fired flue gas. However, its widespread application remains limited due to high production costs, raw material safety concerns, and the small market size for microalgae biomass. In contrast, microalgae fertilizer has been drawing increasing attention due to their substantial market potential, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits. In this study, a strain of Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana ) with high tolerance to ultra-low flue gas was screened from eight microalgae strains, and its maximum biomass reached 3.02 g L− 1 within 7 days under ultra-low flue gas conditions. During cultivation, the culture system captured and transformed the flue gas components (CO2, NOx and SO2), which resulted in 211-fold, 0.19-fold and 12-fold increases in total carbon, total nitrogen and sulfate contents compared to the original BG11 culture medium, respectively. This process effectively upgraded inorganic flue gas pollutants into readily available nutrients for crop growth. In addition, C. sorokinian also synthesized valuable biostimulants, including amino acids (e.g., 22.3 mg L− 1 lysine and 20.68 mg L− 1 glutamic acid) and plant hormones (e.g., 14.21 µg L− 1 salicylic acid and 16.82 µg L− 1 indole-3-acetic acid). The potential of C. sorokiniana suspension and its lysate as fertilizer were confirmed through lettuce cultivation experiments. Application of C. sorokiniana suspension at all tested doses significantly promoted plant growth, resulting in increases of 7.7–15.6% in fresh shoot weight, 3.3–15.1% in root length, and 4.2–18.4% in root fresh weight. It also improved lettuce quality, increasing the contents of vitamin E and soluble sugars by 19.6–43.9% and 4.9–41.7%, respectively. A similar promoting effect was also observed with the application of C. sorokiniana lysate at different doses. This study provides a feasible technical pathway for achieving flue gas carbon capture and resource utilization based on microalgae.