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<p>The accumulation of acidic by-products, particularly volatile fatty acids (VFAs), during the anaerobic digestion (AD) of landfill leachate frequently leads to system instability. This study enhanced the stability and methane production capacity of the landfill leachate AD system by optimizing the feeding strategy. An intermittent dosing and gradient loading strategy successfully promoted the targeted enrichment of methanogens and significantly improved the system’s tolerance to high organic loads. Experimental results indicated that at a chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of 10,000&#xa0;mg/(L·d), the COD removal efficiency reached 95.06%, and cumulative methane production reached 228.08 mL/g volatile solids (VS), representing a more than threefold increase compared to the initial domestication stage (71.92 mL/g VS). This study highlights the critical role of feeding strategy optimization in promoting the enrichment of methanogens, specifically <i>Methanosaeta</i> and <i>Methanosarcina</i>. These findings provide a novel technical approach and a theoretical foundation for enhancing the resource recovery efficiency and environmental performance of landfill leachate AD systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enrichment and Metabolic Pathways of Methanogens in Landfill Leachate: Insights into Mechanisms and Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Tianqi Liu,
  • Yong Sun,
  • Guoxiang Zheng

摘要

The accumulation of acidic by-products, particularly volatile fatty acids (VFAs), during the anaerobic digestion (AD) of landfill leachate frequently leads to system instability. This study enhanced the stability and methane production capacity of the landfill leachate AD system by optimizing the feeding strategy. An intermittent dosing and gradient loading strategy successfully promoted the targeted enrichment of methanogens and significantly improved the system’s tolerance to high organic loads. Experimental results indicated that at a chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of 10,000 mg/(L·d), the COD removal efficiency reached 95.06%, and cumulative methane production reached 228.08 mL/g volatile solids (VS), representing a more than threefold increase compared to the initial domestication stage (71.92 mL/g VS). This study highlights the critical role of feeding strategy optimization in promoting the enrichment of methanogens, specifically Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina. These findings provide a novel technical approach and a theoretical foundation for enhancing the resource recovery efficiency and environmental performance of landfill leachate AD systems.

Graphical Abstract