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<p>The promise of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from <i>Irpex lacteus</i> as pharmaceuticals and functional foods due to the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, is hindered by low yield for industrial applications. Cold plasma, a non-thermal, residue-free microbial metabolism regulator, has not been used for IPS synthesis for <i>I. lacteus</i>. An IPS-producing strain was newly isolated and identified, sharing 99.68% identity with <i>I. lacteus</i> PJC74. The polysaccharide was composed of fucose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, ribose, and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 0.62: 1.96: 75.92: 3.79: 10.89: 3.90: 2.91, as quantified by HPAEC. IPS yield was raised to 13.89% (mg/g dry mycelium) by cold plasma treatment (140 W, 15&#xa0;s, and 135&#xa0;Pa) optimized via single-factor and L<sub>9</sub>(3<sup>3</sup>) orthogonal experiments, representing a 1.38-fold increase over the control (10.08%). CP treatment increased mycelial diameter (1.92 to 2.80&#xa0;μm) and induced centralized vacuoles through electron microscope and enhanced membrane permeability using laser confocal scanning microscopy. Label-free proteomics illustrated that 87 differentially expressed proteins (56 upregulated, mainly in carbohydrate and energy metabolism), with enriched polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways (GO/KEGG). CP treatment enhanced <i>I. lacteus</i> IPS yield via morphological modification, nutrient uptake improvement, and metabolic upregulation, providing a novel, scalable method and molecular targets for future engineering. Accordingly, this study not only identifies a novel IPS-producing strain but also paves the way for enhancing IPS yield through CP treatment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Cold plasma (CP) pretreatment optimizes the yield of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from <i>Irpex lacteus</i>. The optimal discharge power (140 W) significantly enhances IPS yield by 38% compared to the control. Mechanistically, CP modulates mycelial morphology, improves membrane permeability for nutrient uptake, and upregulates key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism and polysaccharide biosynthesis, providing a novel and efficient strategy for industrial IPS production.</p> <p></p>

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Parameter Optimization and Regulatory Mechanism of Cold Plasma Pretreatment for Enhancing Intracellular Polysaccharides Yield in Irpex lacteus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Zhidan Liu,
  • Yumeng Tang,
  • Xiaohui Shi,
  • Jianqi Han,
  • Dongze Niu,
  • Fan Zhang,
  • Xia Yi,
  • Jie Zhu

摘要

The promise of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Irpex lacteus as pharmaceuticals and functional foods due to the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, is hindered by low yield for industrial applications. Cold plasma, a non-thermal, residue-free microbial metabolism regulator, has not been used for IPS synthesis for I. lacteus. An IPS-producing strain was newly isolated and identified, sharing 99.68% identity with I. lacteus PJC74. The polysaccharide was composed of fucose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, ribose, and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 0.62: 1.96: 75.92: 3.79: 10.89: 3.90: 2.91, as quantified by HPAEC. IPS yield was raised to 13.89% (mg/g dry mycelium) by cold plasma treatment (140 W, 15 s, and 135 Pa) optimized via single-factor and L9(33) orthogonal experiments, representing a 1.38-fold increase over the control (10.08%). CP treatment increased mycelial diameter (1.92 to 2.80 μm) and induced centralized vacuoles through electron microscope and enhanced membrane permeability using laser confocal scanning microscopy. Label-free proteomics illustrated that 87 differentially expressed proteins (56 upregulated, mainly in carbohydrate and energy metabolism), with enriched polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways (GO/KEGG). CP treatment enhanced I. lacteus IPS yield via morphological modification, nutrient uptake improvement, and metabolic upregulation, providing a novel, scalable method and molecular targets for future engineering. Accordingly, this study not only identifies a novel IPS-producing strain but also paves the way for enhancing IPS yield through CP treatment.

Graphical Abstract

Cold plasma (CP) pretreatment optimizes the yield of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Irpex lacteus. The optimal discharge power (140 W) significantly enhances IPS yield by 38% compared to the control. Mechanistically, CP modulates mycelial morphology, improves membrane permeability for nutrient uptake, and upregulates key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism and polysaccharide biosynthesis, providing a novel and efficient strategy for industrial IPS production.