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<p>This study aimed to explore the oncogenic role and clinical significance of Lymphoid-specific helicase (HELLS) in prostate cancer (PCa), with a particular focus on its correlation with immune infiltration. HELLS expression level in PCa tissues and cell lines was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Cell Counting Kit−8, and Transwell assays. Bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), were performed to identify HELLS-related genes and explore their correlations with immune cell infiltration. HELLS expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues and cell lines (PC−3, DU145 and C4−2B) than in normal prostate tissues. Elevated HELLS expression was associated with adverse clinicopathological characteristics and poorer patient outcomes, including reduced overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval. Furthermore, based on TCGA PCa cohort data revealed that HELLS levels were significantly linked to immune cell infiltration, particularly Th2 and Th17 cells. In vitro silencing of HELLS in PC−3 cells significantly suppressed cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, providing preliminary evidence for its pro-tumor role in this subtype. HELLS represents a promising potential biomarker for PCa prognosis and a therapeutic target. Its correlation with immune cell infiltration underscores its relevance within the tumor microenvironment, though further validation in diverse models is required to confirm mechanistic insights.</p>

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Prognostic and Functional Role of HELLS in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Tumor Progression and Immune Microenvironment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Canwei Chen,
  • Hongbin Zhou,
  • Lizhi Cai,
  • Yunxiao Zhang,
  • Xixian Nie,
  • Zhuangwen Liao

摘要

This study aimed to explore the oncogenic role and clinical significance of Lymphoid-specific helicase (HELLS) in prostate cancer (PCa), with a particular focus on its correlation with immune infiltration. HELLS expression level in PCa tissues and cell lines was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Cell Counting Kit−8, and Transwell assays. Bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), were performed to identify HELLS-related genes and explore their correlations with immune cell infiltration. HELLS expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues and cell lines (PC−3, DU145 and C4−2B) than in normal prostate tissues. Elevated HELLS expression was associated with adverse clinicopathological characteristics and poorer patient outcomes, including reduced overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval. Furthermore, based on TCGA PCa cohort data revealed that HELLS levels were significantly linked to immune cell infiltration, particularly Th2 and Th17 cells. In vitro silencing of HELLS in PC−3 cells significantly suppressed cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, providing preliminary evidence for its pro-tumor role in this subtype. HELLS represents a promising potential biomarker for PCa prognosis and a therapeutic target. Its correlation with immune cell infiltration underscores its relevance within the tumor microenvironment, though further validation in diverse models is required to confirm mechanistic insights.