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<p>High-altitude regions of India viz., Leh and Ladakh present unique challenges of extreme weather, hilly terrain, rarefied atmosphere, and small construction period, resulting in high manpower wages and materials cost. Traditional construction practices include manual production of mud blocks offering sustainable construction practices. However, the manually cast blocks exhibit low strength, non-uniformity, and lower production. To overcome these limitations, the present study is dedicated to a modular mud block machine for production of superior quality stabilised compressed mud blocks for high-altitude regions, addressing the challenges of construction in remote, hilly, and rugged terrains. The machine employs a mechanised production system with 2 blocks per cycle and up to 800–1000 blocks per 8-hours shift production with prepared mix design. The machine is designed as portable and modular, operating without the need for electricity. With an overall weight of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>∼</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 120&#xa0;kg, it can be disassembled into sub-assemblies weighing less than 25&#xa0;kg each, ensuring ease of transport and handling as confirmed through extensive design analysis. The machine can be assembled and dismantled within 20&#xa0;min for operation and requires minimal maintenance, making it ideal for construction in high-altitude regions. The developed solution addresses the limitations of low-quality, manually cast mud blocks by offering superior quality, mechanised, and higher production rate in challenging environments of high-altitude regions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Design, development and field trials of a modular mud block machine for high altitude regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • R. S. Bisht,
  • S. Singh,
  • R. Sahai,
  • D. Kumar,
  • S. Yadav,
  • S. K. Panigrahi

摘要

High-altitude regions of India viz., Leh and Ladakh present unique challenges of extreme weather, hilly terrain, rarefied atmosphere, and small construction period, resulting in high manpower wages and materials cost. Traditional construction practices include manual production of mud blocks offering sustainable construction practices. However, the manually cast blocks exhibit low strength, non-uniformity, and lower production. To overcome these limitations, the present study is dedicated to a modular mud block machine for production of superior quality stabilised compressed mud blocks for high-altitude regions, addressing the challenges of construction in remote, hilly, and rugged terrains. The machine employs a mechanised production system with 2 blocks per cycle and up to 800–1000 blocks per 8-hours shift production with prepared mix design. The machine is designed as portable and modular, operating without the need for electricity. With an overall weight of \(\sim \) ∼ 120 kg, it can be disassembled into sub-assemblies weighing less than 25 kg each, ensuring ease of transport and handling as confirmed through extensive design analysis. The machine can be assembled and dismantled within 20 min for operation and requires minimal maintenance, making it ideal for construction in high-altitude regions. The developed solution addresses the limitations of low-quality, manually cast mud blocks by offering superior quality, mechanised, and higher production rate in challenging environments of high-altitude regions.

Graphical abstract