Scholarlink

<p>In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was three-dimensionally printed to develop foam structures for wearable applications. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)—a conventional foam material widely used in cushioning systems—was used as a reference and combined with three-dimensionally printed TPU to form hybrid (EVA + TPU) structures. Although these polymeric materials offer design flexibility, their direct contact with the skin without appropriate cover fabrics may result in thermal discomfort, skin irritation, and restricted moisture dissipation. A total of 24 combinations—comprising three types of inner materials (three-dimensionally printed TPU, EVA, and EVA + TPU) and eight different cover fabrics—were tested to evaluate their thermal- and moisture-management performances. Among the uncovered samples, three-dimensionally printed TPU exhibited the highest temperature increase (5.2&#xa0;°C), followed by EVA + TPU (3.9 °C) and EVA (2.9 °C). Among the covered samples, Ny + U1 fabric showed the highest temperature increase (4.7&#xa0;°C), whereas the wool-covered sample showed the lowest (2.0&#xa0;°C). Changes in the relative humidity (RH) showed a similar trend: uncovered TPU showed the greatest decrease (− 8.3% RH), followed by EVA (− 7.5% RH) and EVA + TPU (− 6.98% RH). Among the covered samples, EVA combined with Poly 3 fabric demonstrated the greatest humidity reduction (− 7.5% RH). These findings underscore the importance of selecting optimal combinations of inner-foam materials and fabric covers to enhance thermophysiological comfort in three-dimensionally printed wearable systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Effect of fabric covers on heat and moisture transfer in three-dimensionally printed TPU and EVA foams for clothing applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

查看全文
  • Sungeun Kwon,
  • Sunghyun Kwon,
  • Heeran Lee,
  • Murali Subramaniyam

摘要

In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was three-dimensionally printed to develop foam structures for wearable applications. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)—a conventional foam material widely used in cushioning systems—was used as a reference and combined with three-dimensionally printed TPU to form hybrid (EVA + TPU) structures. Although these polymeric materials offer design flexibility, their direct contact with the skin without appropriate cover fabrics may result in thermal discomfort, skin irritation, and restricted moisture dissipation. A total of 24 combinations—comprising three types of inner materials (three-dimensionally printed TPU, EVA, and EVA + TPU) and eight different cover fabrics—were tested to evaluate their thermal- and moisture-management performances. Among the uncovered samples, three-dimensionally printed TPU exhibited the highest temperature increase (5.2 °C), followed by EVA + TPU (3.9 °C) and EVA (2.9 °C). Among the covered samples, Ny + U1 fabric showed the highest temperature increase (4.7 °C), whereas the wool-covered sample showed the lowest (2.0 °C). Changes in the relative humidity (RH) showed a similar trend: uncovered TPU showed the greatest decrease (− 8.3% RH), followed by EVA (− 7.5% RH) and EVA + TPU (− 6.98% RH). Among the covered samples, EVA combined with Poly 3 fabric demonstrated the greatest humidity reduction (− 7.5% RH). These findings underscore the importance of selecting optimal combinations of inner-foam materials and fabric covers to enhance thermophysiological comfort in three-dimensionally printed wearable systems.

Graphical Abstract