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<p>Hydroxyapatite (HA)-based nanocomposite coatings are widely employed to enhance the bioactivity and corrosion resistance of metallic implants in tissue engineering. In this study, the influence of reduced and magnesium-functionalized single-layer graphene oxide (rfGO) on the structural and electrochemical behavior of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)/chitosan (CS)/gelatin composite coatings deposited on 316L stainless steel via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was systematically investigated. The coatings, containing varying rfGO contents (0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7&#xa0;mg per 10&#xa0;g HA), were fabricated under different EPD voltages. The nHA was synthesized by a sol–gel method, while graphene oxide was reduced and subsequently functionalized with Mg. The powders and coatings were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. Electrochemical performance was assessed through polarization and impedance. FTIR confirmed the successful formation of rfGO, and microstructural analyses demonstrated uniform deposition of HA/CS/gelatin/rfGO coatings. Increasing the EPD voltage promoted crack formation; however, incorporation of rfGO significantly improved coating integrity and reduced cracking, with higher rfGO contents yielding crack-free coatings even at elevated voltages. The coating thickness increased by 41% at 0.7rfGO (4.8&#xa0;µm) relative to rfGO-free coating (3.4&#xa0;µm). Coating mass ranged from 2.1&#xa0;mg (0rfGO-80&#xa0;V) to 8.1&#xa0;mg (0.7rfGO-120&#xa0;V). Electrochemical studies revealed that rfGO generally enhanced corrosion resistance from 165 to 177 Ω&#xa0;cm<sup>2</sup>, except at the highest loading (0.7rfGO), which showed inferior performance (147Ω&#xa0;cm<sup>2</sup>) compared to both the uncoated substrate and rfGO-free coatings. The optimal corrosion resistance was achieved for the 0.5rfGO-100&#xa0;V coating, with a polarization resistance of 385 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>. Equivalent circuit modeling of EIS data further elucidated the corrosion mechanisms governing coating behavior.</p>

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Effect of functionalized reduced graphene oxide on the structural and electrochemical properties of electrophoretically deposited nHA/Chitosan/Gelatin coatings on stainless steel 316

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Behnam Doudkanlouy Milan,
  • Hurieh Mohammadzadeh,
  • Robabeh Jafari,
  • Mohammad Soltani

摘要

Hydroxyapatite (HA)-based nanocomposite coatings are widely employed to enhance the bioactivity and corrosion resistance of metallic implants in tissue engineering. In this study, the influence of reduced and magnesium-functionalized single-layer graphene oxide (rfGO) on the structural and electrochemical behavior of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)/chitosan (CS)/gelatin composite coatings deposited on 316L stainless steel via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was systematically investigated. The coatings, containing varying rfGO contents (0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mg per 10 g HA), were fabricated under different EPD voltages. The nHA was synthesized by a sol–gel method, while graphene oxide was reduced and subsequently functionalized with Mg. The powders and coatings were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. Electrochemical performance was assessed through polarization and impedance. FTIR confirmed the successful formation of rfGO, and microstructural analyses demonstrated uniform deposition of HA/CS/gelatin/rfGO coatings. Increasing the EPD voltage promoted crack formation; however, incorporation of rfGO significantly improved coating integrity and reduced cracking, with higher rfGO contents yielding crack-free coatings even at elevated voltages. The coating thickness increased by 41% at 0.7rfGO (4.8 µm) relative to rfGO-free coating (3.4 µm). Coating mass ranged from 2.1 mg (0rfGO-80 V) to 8.1 mg (0.7rfGO-120 V). Electrochemical studies revealed that rfGO generally enhanced corrosion resistance from 165 to 177 Ω cm2, except at the highest loading (0.7rfGO), which showed inferior performance (147Ω cm2) compared to both the uncoated substrate and rfGO-free coatings. The optimal corrosion resistance was achieved for the 0.5rfGO-100 V coating, with a polarization resistance of 385 Ω·cm2. Equivalent circuit modeling of EIS data further elucidated the corrosion mechanisms governing coating behavior.