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<p>The dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix greatly affects on the properties of the polymer material. This study investigated the surface modification of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) as the functionalizing agent. The FTIR spectra confirmed the successful grafting of CSA onto the ZnO, evidenced by characteristic CSA peaks. The resulting CSA-modified ZnO (ZnO-CSA) nanoparticles exhibited a larger crystal size (42.8–44.8 nm) compared to the unmodified ZnO nanoparticles, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the crystal structure remained unchanged. Thermal analysis revealed distinct decomposition behaviors: the unmodified ZnO nanoparticles showed a single-stage decomposition, whereas the ZnO-CSA nanoparticles decomposed in multiple stages. The EDS spectrum confirmed the CSA binding, with increased sulfur content correlating with higher CSA levels. The observed decrease in zinc atom and increase in oxygen atoms suggested possible zinc atom substitution or surface coverage by the CSA. SEM images showed improved dispersion of the ZnO-CSA nanoparticles, which displayed smaller, more uniform particles compared to the clustered, irregular formations of the unmodified ZnO nanoparticles. Zeta potential measurements for both types of particles were low (±20 to ± 35 mV), suggesting limited stability. Contact angle measurements demonstrated significant changes in epoxy coating hydrophobicity. Pure epoxy (EX75) exhibited the lowest contact angle (87°), indicating its hydrophilicity. The addition of ZnO nanoparticles into the epoxy (EX75-ZnO) increased the contact angle to 117°, indicating enhanced epoxy coating hydrophobicity. Notably, the ZnO-CSA coating (EX75-ZnO-CSA) achieved the highest contact angle (129°), signifying a substantial improvement in hydrophobicity, thus confirming effective waterproofing capability of EX75-ZnO-CSA coating. The mechanical properties of the above epoxy coating were also significantly influenced by the addition of ZnO nanoparticles and CSA modification. The ZnO-CSA nanoparticles samples exhibited superior abrasion resistance compared to neat epoxy. The EIS results demonstrate a significant enhancement in corrosion resistance, with the epoxy coating-contained CSA-modified ZnO nanoparticles maintaining more stable |<i>Z</i>| values and phase angles. This indicates that CSA-modified ZnO nanoparticles create a robust protective system.</p>

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Effect of camphor sulfonic acid on the characteristics and properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles in epoxy coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • Thi Mai Tran,
  • Thuy Chinh Nguyen,
  • Xuan Thai Nguyen,
  • Anh Son Nguyen,
  • Hoang Thai

摘要

The dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix greatly affects on the properties of the polymer material. This study investigated the surface modification of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) as the functionalizing agent. The FTIR spectra confirmed the successful grafting of CSA onto the ZnO, evidenced by characteristic CSA peaks. The resulting CSA-modified ZnO (ZnO-CSA) nanoparticles exhibited a larger crystal size (42.8–44.8 nm) compared to the unmodified ZnO nanoparticles, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the crystal structure remained unchanged. Thermal analysis revealed distinct decomposition behaviors: the unmodified ZnO nanoparticles showed a single-stage decomposition, whereas the ZnO-CSA nanoparticles decomposed in multiple stages. The EDS spectrum confirmed the CSA binding, with increased sulfur content correlating with higher CSA levels. The observed decrease in zinc atom and increase in oxygen atoms suggested possible zinc atom substitution or surface coverage by the CSA. SEM images showed improved dispersion of the ZnO-CSA nanoparticles, which displayed smaller, more uniform particles compared to the clustered, irregular formations of the unmodified ZnO nanoparticles. Zeta potential measurements for both types of particles were low (±20 to ± 35 mV), suggesting limited stability. Contact angle measurements demonstrated significant changes in epoxy coating hydrophobicity. Pure epoxy (EX75) exhibited the lowest contact angle (87°), indicating its hydrophilicity. The addition of ZnO nanoparticles into the epoxy (EX75-ZnO) increased the contact angle to 117°, indicating enhanced epoxy coating hydrophobicity. Notably, the ZnO-CSA coating (EX75-ZnO-CSA) achieved the highest contact angle (129°), signifying a substantial improvement in hydrophobicity, thus confirming effective waterproofing capability of EX75-ZnO-CSA coating. The mechanical properties of the above epoxy coating were also significantly influenced by the addition of ZnO nanoparticles and CSA modification. The ZnO-CSA nanoparticles samples exhibited superior abrasion resistance compared to neat epoxy. The EIS results demonstrate a significant enhancement in corrosion resistance, with the epoxy coating-contained CSA-modified ZnO nanoparticles maintaining more stable |Z| values and phase angles. This indicates that CSA-modified ZnO nanoparticles create a robust protective system.