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<p>Pesticide residues, particularly imidacloprid and cypermethrin, on fresh produce such as chili (<i>Capsicum annuum L</i>.), pose significant food safety challenges, necessitating the development of effective non-thermal decontamination technologies to preserve their nutritional and sensory quality. This study investigates the combined effect of operational parameters (voltage and gas flow rate) in an air-based atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) system on pesticide degradation efficiency and nutrient preservation in chili. Electrical diagnostics based on the Lissajous (Q–V) method showed that increasing the voltage from 15 to 18&#xa0;kV enhanced the discharge power, while optical emission spectroscopy (OES) indicated increased reactive species formation. In addition, a lower flow rate (3 L/min) optimized gas residence time and improved the delivery of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species essential for pesticide degradation. The optimal treatment condition of 18&#xa0;kV and 3 L/min achieved the highest removal efficiencies, resulting in up to 49% degradation for cypermethrin and 59% for imidacloprid. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis provided mechanistic insight, confirming that the treatment induces mild surface etching and the fragmentation of crystalline pesticide deposits, through a combined oxidative fragmentation and surface detachment mechanism. Crucially, the APPJ treatment demonstrated high selectivity in maintaining the concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, as the key quality indicators of chili pungency. The APPJ system offers a safe, selective, and non-thermal alternative for post-harvest decontamination in reducing pesticide residues while preserving the intrinsic chemical quality of fresh chili.</p>

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Balancing Pesticide Degradation and Pungency Preservation in Chili Using an Air-Based Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Ariena Md Nor,
  • C. K. Ngan,
  • A. G. Ismail,
  • S. J. Lim,
  • Z. Y. Ter,
  • A. Mediani,
  • K. S. Siow

摘要

Pesticide residues, particularly imidacloprid and cypermethrin, on fresh produce such as chili (Capsicum annuum L.), pose significant food safety challenges, necessitating the development of effective non-thermal decontamination technologies to preserve their nutritional and sensory quality. This study investigates the combined effect of operational parameters (voltage and gas flow rate) in an air-based atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) system on pesticide degradation efficiency and nutrient preservation in chili. Electrical diagnostics based on the Lissajous (Q–V) method showed that increasing the voltage from 15 to 18 kV enhanced the discharge power, while optical emission spectroscopy (OES) indicated increased reactive species formation. In addition, a lower flow rate (3 L/min) optimized gas residence time and improved the delivery of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species essential for pesticide degradation. The optimal treatment condition of 18 kV and 3 L/min achieved the highest removal efficiencies, resulting in up to 49% degradation for cypermethrin and 59% for imidacloprid. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis provided mechanistic insight, confirming that the treatment induces mild surface etching and the fragmentation of crystalline pesticide deposits, through a combined oxidative fragmentation and surface detachment mechanism. Crucially, the APPJ treatment demonstrated high selectivity in maintaining the concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, as the key quality indicators of chili pungency. The APPJ system offers a safe, selective, and non-thermal alternative for post-harvest decontamination in reducing pesticide residues while preserving the intrinsic chemical quality of fresh chili.