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<p><i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (<i>G. lucidum</i>) spore oil is a premium functional lipid, but its safety is frequently compromised by phthalate plasticizers (PAEs). Although supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is widely used to obtain spore oil, the co-extraction of these hazardous PAEs remains a critical bottleneck. This study introduces an integrated in situ adsorption strategy within the SFE process, coupling one-step micro-interfacial purification with an AHP-CRITIC multi-criteria decision model to mathematically optimize the inherent yield-quality trade-off. The application of activated carbon (AC) and activated clay (ACLT) revealed distinct physicochemical trade-offs. For AC, its non-selective microporous network caused massive competitive physical entrapment, depleting above 70% of bioactive ergosterol despite achieving a high PAEs removal rate (77.18%). Conversely, while ACLT excellently captured PAEs via specific surface chemisorption, excessive dosages introduced abundant acidic active sites that catalyzed detrimental triglyceride hydrolysis, increasing the acid value to 22.43&#xa0;mg/g. Pearson correlation analysis further corroborated these inherent conflicts, revealing a powerful co-extraction dynamic between lipophilic PAEs and ergosterol (<i>r</i> = 0.879**) alongside profound negative correlations between elevated AV and bioactive retention. The AHP-CRITIC model identified 0.50&#xa0;kg of ACLT as the optimal adsorbent dosage, achieving the highest comprehensive score of 80.42. Under this condition, PAEs removal reached 65.70%, while above 60% of thermosensitive ergosterol was retained and oxidative stability remained excellent. Ultimately, this integrated solvent-free method offers a practical industrial alternative for refining premium functional lipids.</p>

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Enhancing the Safety and Quality of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Oil: Solid Adsorption of Phthalate Plasticizers and Multi-criteria Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Yanjiao Li,
  • Yaoyao Qi,
  • Zeyuan Deng,
  • Guangyan Li,
  • Jinwu Zhang,
  • Hongyan Li

摘要

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) spore oil is a premium functional lipid, but its safety is frequently compromised by phthalate plasticizers (PAEs). Although supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is widely used to obtain spore oil, the co-extraction of these hazardous PAEs remains a critical bottleneck. This study introduces an integrated in situ adsorption strategy within the SFE process, coupling one-step micro-interfacial purification with an AHP-CRITIC multi-criteria decision model to mathematically optimize the inherent yield-quality trade-off. The application of activated carbon (AC) and activated clay (ACLT) revealed distinct physicochemical trade-offs. For AC, its non-selective microporous network caused massive competitive physical entrapment, depleting above 70% of bioactive ergosterol despite achieving a high PAEs removal rate (77.18%). Conversely, while ACLT excellently captured PAEs via specific surface chemisorption, excessive dosages introduced abundant acidic active sites that catalyzed detrimental triglyceride hydrolysis, increasing the acid value to 22.43 mg/g. Pearson correlation analysis further corroborated these inherent conflicts, revealing a powerful co-extraction dynamic between lipophilic PAEs and ergosterol (r = 0.879**) alongside profound negative correlations between elevated AV and bioactive retention. The AHP-CRITIC model identified 0.50 kg of ACLT as the optimal adsorbent dosage, achieving the highest comprehensive score of 80.42. Under this condition, PAEs removal reached 65.70%, while above 60% of thermosensitive ergosterol was retained and oxidative stability remained excellent. Ultimately, this integrated solvent-free method offers a practical industrial alternative for refining premium functional lipids.