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<p><i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> is one of the most commonly used probiotic strains, which viability often decreases during freeze-drying due to cellular damage caused by ice formation and dehydration. This study investigated the effects of oscillating magnetic field (OMF)-assisted supercooling pretreatment on the freeze-drying tolerance of <i>L. acidophilus</i> via Surface layer proteins (SLPs), which are known to enhance bacterial resistance under cold stress. Samples were maintained in a supercooled state at − 7 ℃ using OMF (10 mT, 30&#xa0;Hz), avoiding ice nucleation for up to 12&#xa0;h. Supercooled samples showed a higher viability of 78.83% after freeze-drying than in other conditions. Refrigerated (54.34%) and frozen controls (44.57%) showed lower viability. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses revealed that the supercooled samples had a thicker SLP thickness (10.53 ± 1.32&#xa0;nm), consistent with structural changes in the bacterial cell surface following supercooling pretreatment. These findings demonstrated that OMF-assisted supercooling, as a physical, non-chemical pretreatment, enhances probiotic stability during freeze-drying. This strategy has the potential to enhance long-term probiotic survival, potentially reducing the need for excessive dosing in formulations and minimizing waste during production.</p>

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Effects of Oscillating Magnetic Field-Assisted Supercooling on Freeze-Drying Tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus Via Surface Layer Protein (SLP) Induction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Seunghoon Baek,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Yong Li,
  • Soojin Jun,
  • Dongyoung Lee

摘要

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most commonly used probiotic strains, which viability often decreases during freeze-drying due to cellular damage caused by ice formation and dehydration. This study investigated the effects of oscillating magnetic field (OMF)-assisted supercooling pretreatment on the freeze-drying tolerance of L. acidophilus via Surface layer proteins (SLPs), which are known to enhance bacterial resistance under cold stress. Samples were maintained in a supercooled state at − 7 ℃ using OMF (10 mT, 30 Hz), avoiding ice nucleation for up to 12 h. Supercooled samples showed a higher viability of 78.83% after freeze-drying than in other conditions. Refrigerated (54.34%) and frozen controls (44.57%) showed lower viability. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses revealed that the supercooled samples had a thicker SLP thickness (10.53 ± 1.32 nm), consistent with structural changes in the bacterial cell surface following supercooling pretreatment. These findings demonstrated that OMF-assisted supercooling, as a physical, non-chemical pretreatment, enhances probiotic stability during freeze-drying. This strategy has the potential to enhance long-term probiotic survival, potentially reducing the need for excessive dosing in formulations and minimizing waste during production.