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<p>Calcium deficiency remains a global health concern, emphasizing the need for highly bioavailable and sustainable calcium sources. This study developed a green process to recover nanoparticulate calcium from yellowtail bone decalcification effluent by combining casein phosphopeptides as a functional stabilizer with a microfluidization process. Evaluation of five proteases for casein hydrolysis identified alkaline protease as the most effective, and its 3-h hydrolysis achieved &gt; 30% degree of hydrolysis and &gt; 78% yield of low-molecular-weight (180–1000&#xa0;Da) peptides, corresponding to the greatest calcium phosphate-solubilizing potential. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP-NPs) were optimally recovered from acidic effluent by neutralization with 0.02&#xa0;M NaOH in the presence of 1&#xa0;g/L casein hydrolysate under microfluidization (25,000 psi, 3 cycles), yielding &gt; 85% soluble calcium and CaP-NPs with hydrodynamic size around 223&#xa0;nm and ζ-potential at − 14.5&#xa0;mV. Spray-dried and lyophilized powders of CaP-NP were readily reconstitutable, showing hydrodynamic sizes of 248&#xa0;nm and 268&#xa0;nm after reconstitution, respectively. In ex vivo rat ileum, CaP-NPs significantly alleviated phytate-induced inhibition of calcium absorption compared with CaCl<sub>2</sub>; their calcium absorption involved TRPV6-mediated ionic uptake and endocytic transport of intact nanoparticles for lysosomal degradation or transcytosis. This strategy successfully transforms fish processing waste into a highly bioavailable calcium supplement for diets.</p>

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Sustainable Recovery of Bioavailable Nanoparticulate Calcium from Fish Bone Decalcification Effluent Using Caseinophosphopeptides and Microfluidization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Wenshuo Xing,
  • Dan Yao,
  • Zifang Zhao,
  • Caichan Luo,
  • Wenhai She,
  • Jianwei Yu,
  • Guanghua Xia,
  • Shiyang Li,
  • Guangxin Feng,
  • Adewale Olusegun Obadina,
  • Mingyong Zeng,
  • Haohao Wu

摘要

Calcium deficiency remains a global health concern, emphasizing the need for highly bioavailable and sustainable calcium sources. This study developed a green process to recover nanoparticulate calcium from yellowtail bone decalcification effluent by combining casein phosphopeptides as a functional stabilizer with a microfluidization process. Evaluation of five proteases for casein hydrolysis identified alkaline protease as the most effective, and its 3-h hydrolysis achieved > 30% degree of hydrolysis and > 78% yield of low-molecular-weight (180–1000 Da) peptides, corresponding to the greatest calcium phosphate-solubilizing potential. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP-NPs) were optimally recovered from acidic effluent by neutralization with 0.02 M NaOH in the presence of 1 g/L casein hydrolysate under microfluidization (25,000 psi, 3 cycles), yielding > 85% soluble calcium and CaP-NPs with hydrodynamic size around 223 nm and ζ-potential at − 14.5 mV. Spray-dried and lyophilized powders of CaP-NP were readily reconstitutable, showing hydrodynamic sizes of 248 nm and 268 nm after reconstitution, respectively. In ex vivo rat ileum, CaP-NPs significantly alleviated phytate-induced inhibition of calcium absorption compared with CaCl2; their calcium absorption involved TRPV6-mediated ionic uptake and endocytic transport of intact nanoparticles for lysosomal degradation or transcytosis. This strategy successfully transforms fish processing waste into a highly bioavailable calcium supplement for diets.